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Lenvatinib plus either pembrolizumab or everolimus was compared with sunitinib as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell cancer. Progression-free survival was significantly longer with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab than with sunitinib. Lenvatinib plus everolimus was also more effective than sunitinib, but the difference was smaller.

Patients with non–small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned to three cycles of chemotherapy with or without nivolumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody. Event-free survival was longer with nivolumab than without it (31.6 months vs. 20.8 months), and the percentage of patients with a pathological complete response was 24.0% and 2.2%, respectively.

The addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy for metastatic lung cancer without EGFR or ALK mutations resulted in better progression-free and overall survival than chemotherapy alone. Immune-related adverse effects were more common with the combination.

In a randomized trial involving previously untreated patients with metastatic intermediate- or poor-risk renal-cell cancer, nivolumab plus ipilimumab was associated with higher response rates, longer overall survival, and greater improvement in quality of life than sunitinib.

More than half of breast cancers express low levels of HER2. In a phase 3 trial, the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan resulted in longer survival than the physician’s choice of chemotherapy among patients with HER2-low breast cancer.

G12C is a mutation that occurs in approximately 3 to 4% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Monotherapy with KRAS G12C inhibitors has yielded only modest efficacy. Combining the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib with panitumumab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, may be an effective strategy. In this phase 3, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial, we assigned patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer with mutated G12C who had not received previous treatment with a KRAS G12C inhibitor to receive sotorasib at a dose of 960 mg once daily plus panitumumab (53 patients), sotorasib at a dose of 240 mg once daily plus panitumumab (53 patients), or the investigator's choice of trifluridine-tipiracil or regorafenib (standard care; 54 patients). The primary end point was progression-free survival as assessed by blinded independent central review according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Key secondary end points were overall survival and objective response. After a median follow-up of 7.8 months (range, 0.1 to 13.9), the median progression-free survival was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2 to 6.3) and 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.7 to 5.8) in the 960-mg sotorasib-panitumumab and 240-mg sotorasib-panitumumab groups, respectively, as compared with 2.2 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 3.9) in the standard-care group. The hazard ratio for disease progression or death in the 960-mg sotorasib-panitumumab group as compared with the standard-care group was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.80; P = 0.006), and the hazard ratio in the 240-mg sotorasib-panitumumab group was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.93; P = 0.03). Overall survival data are maturing. The objective response was 26.4% (95% CI, 15.3 to 40.3), 5.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 15.7), and 0% (95% CI, 0.0 to 6.6) in the 960-mg sotorasib-panitumumab, 240-mg sotorasib-panitumumab, and standard-care groups, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 35.8%, 30.2%, and 43.1% of patients, respectively. Skin-related toxic effects and hypomagnesemia were the most common adverse events observed with sotorasib-panitumumab. In this phase 3 trial of a KRAS G12C inhibitor plus an EGFR inhibitor in patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer, both doses of sotorasib in combination with panitumumab resulted in longer progression-free survival than standard treatment. Toxic effects were as expected for either agent alone and resulted in few discontinuations of treatment. (Funded by Amgen; CodeBreaK 300 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05198934.).

In this phase 1–2 study involving patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma, a bispecific antibody (teclistamab) that mediates T-cell activation and subsequent lysis of myeloma cells expressing B-cell maturation antigen induced responses in 63% of the patients, including a complete response in nearly 40%.

In a randomized trial involving patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma, nivolumab plus cabozantinib had significant benefits over sunitinib with respect to progression-free and overall survival and the likelihood of response. A total of 19.7% of the patients in the combination group discontinued one or both of the trial drugs prematurely.

Patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer with a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more of tumor cells were randomly assigned to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy. Overall survival was significantly longer among the patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab than among those who received chemotherapy.

Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia were treated with intensive chemotherapy and then randomly assigned to receive placebo or oral azacitidine (CC-486) daily for 14 days per 28-day cycle. CC-486 was associated with significantly longer relapse-free and overall survival, with some gastrointestinal side effects but maintenance of quality of life.