Explore the vast range of titles available.

In eleven dramatic years, Anwar Sadat changed history-not just that of Egypt, or of the Middle East, but of the entire world. As the architect of the 1973 war against Israel, he gained the support of other Arab nations and inspired the oil embargo that transformed the global economy. Following the war, however, he forever ended Arab aspirations of unity by making peace with Israel. Early in his presidency, Sadat jettisoned Egypt's alliance with the Soviet Union and turned to the United States, thereby giving the West a crucial Cold War victory. Sadat's historic tenure still resonates in the twenty-first century as the Islamic activists-whom he originally encouraged but who opposed his conciliatory policy toward Israel and ultimately played a role in his assassination-continue to foster activism, including the Muslim Brotherhood, today. Thomas W. Lippman was stationed in the Middle East as a journalist during Sadat's presidency and lived in Egypt in the aftermath of the October War. He knew Sadat personally, but only now, after the passage of time and the long-delayed release of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic files, can Lippman assess the full consequences of Sadat's presidency.Hero of the Crossingprovides an eye-opening account of the profound reverberations of one leader's political, cultural, and economic maneuverings and legacy.

National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Six days after Malaysia's Nov 19 general election, Pakatan Harapan (PH; Alliance of Hope) leader Anwar Ibrahim gained the premiership. The PH coalition had campaigned against corruption within the Barisan Nasional (BN), the coalition dominated by the United Malays National Organization, which had been part of the previous administration. After the election, however, the PH chose BN as its partner to form a unity government.

According to Shirley, “Ageing is a privilege we only experience if we’re fortunate. Sudipto Das Rural community health workers help address non-communicable diseases; Sanjib Kumar Sharma (photograph and text), Anu Shrestha, Apil Tiwari, Urza Bhattarai, Ujwal Gautam (text) Female community health volunteers have a pivotal role in connecting the community with primary health-care services in Nepal. Female community health volunteers can also help provide relevant NCD-related awareness and information at homes of the underserved population. [...]the government launched the Flying Doctor Service, a collaboration between the Ministry of Health and the US non-profit, the Mission Aviation Fellowship.

Malaysia Madani is a policy framework and government slogan established under the leadership of Anwar Ibrahim, Malaysia’s tenth prime minister. The concept mainly encompasses sound governance, sustainable development, and racial harmony in the country. It incorporates ihsan, respect, creativity, sustainability, well-being, and confidence. These six principles will assist Malaysian society in practising compassion in daily life. This concept is especially important since it needs to be introduced and embraced by all folks in Malaysia, regardless of their background. This research sought to gather insights into Malaysians’ perceptions of the Malaysia Madani concept to support the government’s agenda. It also attempts to examine their acceptance of the Malaysia Madani concept. Moreover, the study aims to assess the extent of confidence and trust in the ability of current Malaysian leaders to implement the Malaysia Madani concept. This quantitative study involved 451 participants from a public university in Malaysia, including students and educators. The findings revealed that even the highly educated group was not fully informed about the Malaysia Madani concept. Thus, the government should adopt more proactive measures to acquaint all Malaysians with the Malaysia Madani concept, ensuring a better understanding of the government’s agenda. Being well-informed will aid in the successful implementation of the policy.

The 1979 peace treaty between Israel and Egypt marked a historic turning point in Middle Eastern diplomacy, establishing the first formal recognition of Israel by an Arab state. This article revisits the Israeli-Egyptian peace process to examine the interplay between political leadership and intercultural competence in the achievement of breakthrough agreements. While the roles of Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, and U.S. President Jimmy Carter have been widely acknowledged, this study argues that visionary and courageous leadership, though indispensable, was not sufficient on its own. Instead, it contends that the leaders' ability to navigate intercultural dynamics—through empathy, symbolic communication, and cultural sensitivity—was a critical enabling factor that amplified the effectiveness of their leadership. Drawing on historical analysis and theoretical perspectives from international relations, the article explores how intercultural competence contributed to building trust, overcoming misperceptions, and sustaining diplomatic engagement. By integrating leadership theory with insights from intercultural communication, this study advances a dual proposition: that exceptional leadership is a necessary condition for landmark peace agreements, and that its success in culturally complex conflicts depends significantly on the leader’s intercultural acumen. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the conditions under which diplomatic breakthroughs occur and offer practical implications for contemporary conflict resolution and negotiation strategy.

Through visual analysis, this paper demonstrates how 1001 engages in a decolonial process by reclaiming narrative and visual agency. The central frame narrative follows King Shahryar, a Persian monarch who, upon discovering his wife's infidelity, has her executed. The Looking Glass of the East: Visual Orientalism and the Nights Although the original One Thousand and One Nights was composed as a multi-volume work intended for adult audiences, it was later adapted into abridged editions with vivid illustrations and eventually marketed to children. Consider Earle Goodenow's 1946 illustrated edition of The Arabian Nights, in which the king is depicted wearing a turban and vibrant robes, while Scheherazade and her sister appear in exotic attire, with a crescent moon prominently visible outside the window1.

Despite the recent scholarly recuperation of decolonization struggles, Egyptian contributions to the history of Afro-Asian solidarity remain understudied. Instead, scholarship on Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Egypt has focused on high politics at the Arab regional scale. This article examines the building of ‘infrastructures of solidarity’ on multiple spatial scales in 1950s Cairo, and the interactions of state and popular actors at such sites, which produced Cairo as an Afro-Asian hub. It situates the 1957 Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Conference in this process, alongside the African Association and Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Organization. Drawing on concepts of translocality and generative solidarity, this article argues that Egyptian activists and intellectuals engaged in solidarity practices on Arab, African, and Afro-Asian scales simultaneously, and in the relational construction of their political imaginaries in turn. Egypt’s case thus offers valuable insights into the nature of popular solidarity networks, and the porousness of state-society boundaries, in contexts of decolonization.

(Ethno)musicologists will benefit from Simon's treatment of an object as a primary point of departure-in the case of his book, the circulation of cassette players and cassettes themselves, and the state's subsequent efforts to gatekeep cultural production via cassettes. [...]Simon notes how the forging of a so-called \"modern\" home was generated by both companies and individual celebrities around particular commodities (48). The archival material utilized here is a large pool of weekly magazine and newspaper articles who published popular crime reports primarily aimed at publicizing the success of Egypt's security sector; Simon powerfully provides a counter-reading of such narratives, this revealing the \"presence of a thriving black market for cassette technology\" (62). Just pages later Simon builds on his analysis of the Sadat photo with a reading of a photograph found at a paper market in Cairo of family members enjoying their cassette radio at a beach vacation, shedding light on the \"interactions of ordinary Egyptians with audiotapes and the object's relationship to leisure\" (44).