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Low-Carbon Emissions and Cost of Frame Structures for Wooden and Concrete Apartment Buildings: Case Study from Finland
To date, the existing literature lacks any studies that compare timber and concrete apartment buildings in the Finnish context regarding their carbon footprint, handprint, and the cost of frame structures. This study rigorously analyzes and calculates the carbon footprint, carbon handprint, and costs associated with various structural solutions in a proposed multi-story building located in Laajasalo, Helsinki, Finland. While the primary focus is on wooden frame construction, exploring both its challenges and opportunities, this study also includes a comparative assessment with concrete frame construction. In Finland, regulations require a sprinkler fire extinguishing system to be installed inside. Also, weather protection is typically added to the top of building in connection with the construction of wooden apartment buildings. When the costs of a sprinkler system and weather protection are taken into account, the cost of achieving positive climate effects through a concrete frame is 290% higher than that of a solid wood frame. Our findings will provide a robust basis for assessing the sustainability and feasibility of construction methods, offering valuable insights into environmental and economic considerations for decision-makers in Finland and beyond as regulations evolve and awareness of climate impacts grows.
Journal Article
Highrise : the towers in the world & the world in the towers
\"From the multi-story dwellings of Ancient Rome to the soaring glass skyscrapers of today, for thousands of years humans have used highrises to house the poor, protect the rich and sometimes narrow the gap between the two. Highrise first examines the history of vertical living in a chapter on the origins, technological triumphs, social failures and future of the highrise. The book then invites young adult readers into homes around the world. Through the lens of the highrise, readers will learn about 10 cities and hear stories that capture what life is like in these diverse places. In addition to being windows on different cultures and experiences, the stories from these cities cover important and, at times, challenging issues that residents must face--from a young mother in the West Bank who cannot visit her parents in Gaza to an LGBTQ activist in China who must hide her sexual orientation from her family. Highrise is a bold and unique volume that illuminates life on our urban planet like never before\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Space Efficiency in Finnish Mid-Rise Timber Apartment Buildings
As in many other building types, space efficiency in mid-rise timber apartment buildings is one of the critical design parameters to make a project feasible. Space efficiency depends on varying selection criteria related to construction materials, construction methods, and proper planning. To date, no study provides a comprehensive understanding of space efficiency in mid-rise timber apartment buildings. This paper examined data from 55 Finnish mid-rise timber apartment buildings built between 2018 and 2022 under the Finnish Land Use and Building Act to increase the understanding of which factors and design parameters influence the space efficiency of mid-rise timber apartment buildings. The main findings of this study indicated that: (1) among the case studies, the space efficiency ranged from 77.8% to 87.9%, and the average was 83%; (2) the mean values of the ratios of structural wall area to gross floor area, vertical circulation area to gross floor area, and technical spaces (including shafts) to gross floor area were found to be 12.9%, 2.6%, and 1.5%, respectively; (3) construction methods or shear wall materials make no significant difference in terms of space efficiency, and there is no scientific correlation between the number of stories and space efficiency; (4) the best average space efficiency was achieved with central core type, followed by peripheral core arrangement. This research will contribute to design guidelines for clients, developers, architects, and other construction professionals of mid-rise timber apartment building projects.
Journal Article
Rise and sprawl : the condominiumization of Toronto
\"This is the story of the rise and sprawl of the condo tower in Toronto. The sheer number of new towers, their size, mass, volume, and height, let alone the speed by which they are being built, is remarkable. The only thing that isn't remarkable about Toronto's condominiums is their architecture\"--Page [4] of cover.
Book
Where do People Interact in High-Rise Apartment Buildings? Exploring the Influence of Personal and Neighborhood Characteristics
Early studies conclude that high-rise apartment buildings present challenges for people’s quality of life, resulting in social isolation, social annoyance and anonymity for residents. Nevertheless, empirical research into factors supporting social interaction in high-rise apartment buildings is still scarce. This study aims to investigate how often and where people in high-rise neighborhoods interact, and how this is affected by personal and neighborhoods characteristics. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used including social interaction diaries and questionnaires among 274 residents, in-depth interviews with 45 residents and objective measurement of the physical environments in four high-rise apartment buildings for low in-income people in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results demonstrate that social interaction is influenced by a number of personal and neighborhood characteristics. Furthermore, most social interactions—also gathering and accompanying playing children—take place in the circulation areas of the apartment buildings. However, the use of these spaces for different purposes of interaction is found to have negative impact on people’s privacy, the feeling of safety and cleanliness of the shared spaces. The findings of this study provide information for planners and designers on how to design and improve high-rise apartment buildings that support social interaction.
Journal Article
Deriving the Importance of Defects in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Defects in apartment buildings significantly impact the convenience and safety of residents, and their prevalence has been steadily increasing. This study prioritizes the key defects in apartment buildings to enhance quality management. The primary causes of defects were identified by focusing on frequently occurring issues such as tile installation, flooring, wallpaper, PL windows, and kitchen furniture. A literature review was conducted to analyze the main types of defects, and expert focus group interviews were held to investigate the causes of defects and potential countermeasures. Following this, the analytic hierarchy process was employed to assess the relative importance of these defects and establish their prioritization. The findings indicated that structural issues and material-related factors, particularly flooring and window installation, were the primary causes. Based on these insights, this study proposes a strategic approach to improving quality management in apartment buildings. This research serves as a valuable reference for developers, contractors, and policymakers in defect prevention and management.
Journal Article
Life at the top : New York's most exceptional apartment buildings
\"What are New York City's best apartment buildings? Before 1900, it was the Dakota and the Osborne; soon after came McKim, Mead & White's 998 Fifth and the ultra-soigne 820 Fifth Avenue. The roaring twenties produced true luxury: 740 Park Avenue, the art deco-inspired River House, and Rosario Candela's extraordinary 778 and 720 Park Avenue. Today, the city's skyline sparkles with palatial new buildings, such as Robert A. M. Stern's 15 Central Park West, Richard Meier's glass-walled Perry Street towers, and 432 Park Avenue, New York's tallest residential building. Kirk Henckels and Anne Walker, real estate and architectural insiders, chronicle the fortunes and features of 15 outstanding apartment houses with a wealth of vintage and new photography and architectural plans, and show off select apartments as they look today, designed by top interior designers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Assessing Traffic Noise and Its Impact on High-Rise Apartment Buildings Adjacent to an Urban Expressway: A Case Study in Chengdu, China
With rapid urbanization, traffic growth has accelerated in some cities in China. Due to strict urban construction land utilization policies, many high-rise apartment buildings have been constructed adjacent to expressways. To better understand the impact of urban traffic noise on the residents of high residential buildings adjacent to expressways and the differences in noise impacts on different floors, on-site noise monitoring and questionnaires for building residents have been conducted. The characteristics of traffic noise were analyzed based on the measured data, and factors, including time periods and building floors, were considered. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, 56.06% of the male respondents and 54.55% of the female respondents think that the impact of traffic noise on high-rise buildings is “high” or “very high”; 50.53% of the respondents who were in “good” or “very good” condition thought that the traffic noise has a “significant impact” or “very significant impact” on their sleep and daily life. In addition, 25% of respondents living on floors 4–10 and 62.5% of respondents living on floors 11–20 considered the traffic noise to have a “significant impact” or “very significant impact” on their sleep and daily life. The on-site noise monitoring results show that the noise levels (LAeq) outside the windows of the studied buildings remain significantly elevated, with daytime noise on working days ranging from 56 to 70 dB(A), and on weekends ranging from 50 to 65 dB(A). During the four time periods on weekdays from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., 5 p.m. to 7 p.m., and 10 p.m. to 12 a.m., the average LAeq levels on floors 11–20 are higher than those on floors 4–10 by 4.04 dB(A), 4.92 dB(A), 4.06 dB(A), and 2.67 dB(A), respectively. Similarly, during these time periods on weekends, the levels on floors 11–20 are higher than those on floors 4–10 by 4.96 dB(A), 6.32 dB(A), 5.28 dB(A), and 5.24 dB(A), respectively. This indicates that floors 4–10 of the building experience relatively lower noise levels, while floors 11–20 are subjected to comparatively higher levels of noise disturbance.
Journal Article