Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
23,698
result(s) for
"Appetite."
Sort by:
Mycoprotein reduces energy intake and postprandial insulin release without altering glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine concentrations in healthy overweight and obese adults: a randomised-controlled trial
Dietary mycoprotein decreases energy intake in lean individuals. The effects in overweight individuals are unclear, and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mycoprotein on energy intake, appetite regulation, and the metabolic phenotype in overweight and obese volunteers. In two randomised-controlled trials, fifty-five volunteers (age: 31 (95 % CI 27, 35) years), BMI: 28·0 (95 % CI 27·3, 28·7) kg/m2) consumed a test meal containing low (44 g), medium (88 g) or high (132 g) mycoprotein or isoenergetic chicken meals. Visual analogue scales and blood samples were collected to measure appetite, glucose, insulin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Ad libitum energy intake was assessed after 3 h in part A (n 36). Gastric emptying by the paracetamol method, resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were recorded in part B (n 14). Metabonomics was used to compare plasma and urine samples in response to the test meals. Mycoprotein reduced energy intake by 10 % (280 kJ (67 kcal)) compared with chicken at the high content (P=0·009). All mycoprotein meals reduced insulin concentrations compared with chicken (incremental AUClow (IAUClow): −8 %, IAUCmedium: −12 %, IAUChigh: −21 %, P=0·004). There was no significant difference in glucose, PYY, GLP-1, gastric emptying rate and energy expenditure. Following chicken intake, paracetamol-glucuronide was positively associated with fullness. After mycoprotein, creatinine and the deamination product of isoleucine, α-keto-β-methyl-N-valerate, were inversely related to fullness, whereas the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, was positively associated. In conclusion, mycoprotein reduces energy intake and insulin release in overweight volunteers. The mechanism does not involve changes in PYY and GLP-1. The metabonomics analysis may bring new understanding to the appetite regulatory properties of food.
Journal Article
Eat up!
\"Eating is one of life's greatest pleasures. Food nourishes our bodies, helps us celebrate our successes (from a wedding cake to a post-night out kebab), cheers us up when we're down, introduces us to new cultures and--when we cook and eat together--connects us with the people we love. In [this book], Ruby Tandoh celebrates the fun and pleasure of food, taking a look at everything from gluttons and gourmets in the movies, to the symbolism of food and sex\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Therapeutic potential of anamorelin, a novel, oral ghrelin mimetic, in patients with cancer-related cachexia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover, pilot study
Purpose
Cachexia in cancer adversely affects patients' perception of symptoms, well-being, and response to therapy, and shortens survival. Anamorelin, an oral mimetic of ghrelin, has been shown to increase body weight and anabolic hormone levels in healthy volunteers and is being investigated to treat cancer cachexia.
Methods
This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluated the effects of anamorelin in 16 patients with different cancers and cachexia. Patients were randomly assigned to anamorelin 50 mg/day or placebo for 3 days. A 3- to 7-day washout period followed and then treatments were switched. Assessments included body weight, appetite, food intake, growth hormone (GH) levels, patient-reported symptom assessments (e.g., the Anderson Symptom Assessment Scale [ASAS] and also an inclusion criterion), and safety.
Results
Anamorelin significantly increased body weight compared with placebo (0.77 kg vs. −0.33 kg). Food intake increased compared with placebo, but not significantly. GH significantly increased at all time points (0.5–4 h postdose). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) significantly increased by 54.09 ng/mL with anamorelin treatment compared with −3.56 ng/mL for placebo; significant changes in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were 0.75 μg/mL vs. −0.19 μg/mL, respectively. Patient-reported symptoms, including appetite as measured by ASAS, significantly improved with anamorelin (8.1 vs. 1.0 for placebo). Adverse events (AEs) in four patients were possibly or probably related to anamorelin: hyperglycemia (two patients), nausea (one patient), and dizziness (one patient). Most AEs were mild; no patients withdrew due to AEs.
Conclusions
Anamorelin showed significant metabolic, clinical, and patient-rated effects in cancer cachexia. Further studies are warranted.
Journal Article
The dangers of diet drugs
\"Young adults are faced with pressure from friends, family, and the media not to become overweight. Many struggle with self-esteem issues as a result, and someone who has trouble keeping his or her weight down may turn to dangerous diet drugs for a quick fix. Readers learn about the consequences of taking these pills through accessible text and informative graphs. A list of organizations is included where young adults can find more information about healthy alternatives to diet drugs.\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Efficacy and Tolerability of Cyproheptadine in Poor Appetite: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
•Cyproheptadine is a safe appetite stimulant in patients with poor appetite.•Patients administered with the cyproheptadine experienced significant increases in weight and body mass index.•The most common side effect was drowsiness and cyproheptadine was well tolerated with few serious adverse events.
Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine and antiserotonergic agent, is an appetite stimulant that is efficacious in promoting weight gain in children and adults with poor appetite. Despite numerous studies showing that cyproheptadine achieved positive outcomes, studies documenting its effectiveness on appetite are limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of cyproheptadine in adults with poor appetite in South Korea.
Patients aged 19 to 64 years with poor appetite were randomly assigned to receive either cyproheptadine or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the difference between the groups in change in appetite, as measured by the Korean version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System from the beginning to the end of the study period. The secondary end points included effects on weight, anthropometrics, body composition, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire–measured appetite, and toxicities. A total of 375 patients were randomly assigned to the two groups (189 cyproheptadine, 186 placebo).
The cyproheptadine group experienced a mean (SD) change in appetite score of –2.42 (0.12) compared with –2.03 (0.13) in the placebo arm, representing a statistically significant appetite gain in the cyproheptadine group (difference, +0.38 [0.18]; 95% CI, –0.73 to –0.04; P = 0.0307). Patients in the cyproheptadine group experienced significant increases in weight and body mass index. The most common adverse event was somnolence, as predicted. Cyproheptadine was well tolerated, with one serious adverse event (colitis) which was classified as a moderate adverse effect unlikely to be related to the study drug.
We present the largest randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of cyproheptadine versus placebo in healthy adults with poor appetite using the lowest effective dosage of cyproheptadine. Cyproheptadine is a safe treatment option in patients with poor appetite. Our findings provide important information for the use of cyproheptadine to ameliorate poor appetite in adults. Further randomized studies focused on the effect of cyproheptadine in older populations are needed.
Journal Article
Hungry Jim
Jim wakes up hungry, just not for the pancakes his mother is fixing--so his imagination takes over, and he pictures himself as a lion checking out the possibilities for breakfast (including his mother).
Book
A preoptic neuronal population controls fever and appetite during sickness
During infection, animals exhibit adaptive changes in physiology and behaviour aimed at increasing survival. Although many causes of infection exist, they trigger similar stereotyped symptoms such as fever, warmth-seeking, loss of appetite and fatigue
1
,
2
. Yet exactly how the nervous system alters body temperature and triggers sickness behaviours to coordinate responses to infection remains unknown. Here we identify a previously uncharacterized population of neurons in the ventral medial preoptic area (VMPO) of the hypothalamus that are activated after sickness induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. These neurons are crucial for generating a fever response and other sickness symptoms such as warmth-seeking and loss of appetite. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization uncovered the identity and distribution of LPS-activated VMPO (VMPO
LPS
) neurons and non-neuronal cells. Gene expression and electrophysiological measurements implicate a paracrine mechanism in which the release of immune signals by non-neuronal cells during infection activates nearby VMPO
LPS
neurons. Finally, we show that VMPO
LPS
neurons exert a broad influence on the activity of brain areas associated with behavioural and homeostatic functions and are synaptically and functionally connected to circuit nodes controlling body temperature and appetite. Together, these results uncover VMPO
LPS
neurons as a control hub that integrates immune signals to orchestrate multiple sickness symptoms in response to infection.
A newly identified population of neurons in the ventral medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus regulate stereotypical symptoms of illness, including fever and appetite suppression.
Journal Article