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Optimization Algorithms on Matrix Manifolds
Many problems in the sciences and engineering can be rephrased as optimization problems on matrix search spaces endowed with a so-called manifold structure. This book shows how to exploit the special structure of such problems to develop efficient numerical algorithms. It places careful emphasis on both the numerical formulation of the algorithm and its differential geometric abstraction--illustrating how good algorithms draw equally from the insights of differential geometry, optimization, and numerical analysis. Two more theoretical chapters provide readers with the background in differential geometry necessary to algorithmic development. In the other chapters, several well-known optimization methods such as steepest descent and conjugate gradients are generalized to abstract manifolds. The book provides a generic development of each of these methods, building upon the material of the geometric chapters. It then guides readers through the calculations that turn these geometrically formulated methods into concrete numerical algorithms. The state-of-the-art algorithms given as examples are competitive with the best existing algorithms for a selection of eigenspace problems in numerical linear algebra. Optimization Algorithms on Matrix Manifolds offers techniques with broad applications in linear algebra, signal processing, data mining, computer vision, and statistical analysis. It can serve as a graduate-level textbook and will be of interest to applied mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists.
eBook
Cultivation and sequencing of rumen microbiome members from the Hungate1000 Collection
Rumen microbiome biology gets a boost with the release of 410 high-quality reference genomes from the Hungate1000 project.
Productivity of ruminant livestock depends on the rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding the functions carried out by the rumen microbiota is important for reducing greenhouse gas production by ruminants and for developing biofuels from lignocellulose. We present 410 cultured bacteria and archaea, together with their reference genomes, representing every cultivated rumen-associated archaeal and bacterial family. We evaluate polysaccharide degradation, short-chain fatty acid production and methanogenesis pathways, and assign specific taxa to functions. A total of 336 organisms were present in available rumen metagenomic data sets, and 134 were present in human gut microbiome data sets. Comparison with the human microbiome revealed rumen-specific enrichment for genes encoding
de novo
synthesis of vitamin B
12
, ongoing evolution by gene loss and potential vertical inheritance of the rumen microbiome based on underrepresentation of markers of environmental stress. We estimate that our Hungate genome resource represents ∼75% of the genus-level bacterial and archaeal taxa present in the rumen.
Journal Article
On the strong coupling of polarization and charge trapping in HfO2/Si-based ferroelectric field-effect transistors: overview of device operation and reliability
Ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) have become an attractive technology for memory and emerging applications on a silicon electronic platform after the discovery of the ferroelectric phase in silicon-friendly hafnium oxide insulators. In this tutorial, we review one nonideal physical phenomenon that determines the device operation of practical FeFETs based on ferroelectric hafnium oxide (FE-HfO
2
) insulators and silicon channels: polarization-induced electron trapping. The ferroelectric polarization in FE-HfO
2
induces an enormous amount of trapped electron density of an order of 10
14
cm
−2
near the interface between the FE-HfO
2
and interfacial layer, which in turn screens the electric flux from polarization. We examine how electron trapping affects the device operation particularly the polarization switching mechanism, retention characteristics, endurance characteristics, and read-after-write delay. The asymmetric behavior of electron and hole trapping in FeFETs and its impact on the device operation are also discussed. We review several approaches based on different operations, device structure modification, and material engineering to mitigate anomalous electron trapping and improve the device characteristics of FeFETs.
Journal Article
Overview of the IV International Conference on Applied Physics, Information Technologies and Engineering – APITECH-IV 2022
The overview describes the main directions and results of the IV International Conference APITECH-IV 2022 held in Bukhara, Uzbekistan on 6-9 October 2022. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The purpose of the Conference is to share the experience of leading experts in the application of modern methods of applied physics and information technology in high-tech production, in the fields of aerospace, energy, chemical and oil and gas engineering.
Journal Article
I(VI)-total Colorings on the Disjoint Union of 16-Cycles Vertex-distinguished by Multisets
In the paper, the I-total colorings and VI-total colorings of mC16 which are vertex-distinguished by multisets are researched by use of the method of distributing color sets in advance in order to construct colorings. The optimal I-total colorings and VI-total colorings of mC,6 which are vertexdistinguished by multisets are constructed by means of the matrix whose entries are multiple subsets containing 3 elements (at least two elements are different) or empty subsets of the set composed of all colors available. Thereby we obtain I-total chromatic numbers and VI-total chromatic numbers of mC16 which are vertex-distinguished by multisets.
Journal Article