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Cultivation and sequencing of rumen microbiome members from the Hungate1000 Collection
Rumen microbiome biology gets a boost with the release of 410 high-quality reference genomes from the Hungate1000 project.
Productivity of ruminant livestock depends on the rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding the functions carried out by the rumen microbiota is important for reducing greenhouse gas production by ruminants and for developing biofuels from lignocellulose. We present 410 cultured bacteria and archaea, together with their reference genomes, representing every cultivated rumen-associated archaeal and bacterial family. We evaluate polysaccharide degradation, short-chain fatty acid production and methanogenesis pathways, and assign specific taxa to functions. A total of 336 organisms were present in available rumen metagenomic data sets, and 134 were present in human gut microbiome data sets. Comparison with the human microbiome revealed rumen-specific enrichment for genes encoding
de novo
synthesis of vitamin B
12
, ongoing evolution by gene loss and potential vertical inheritance of the rumen microbiome based on underrepresentation of markers of environmental stress. We estimate that our Hungate genome resource represents ∼75% of the genus-level bacterial and archaeal taxa present in the rumen.
Journal Article
Overview of the IV International Conference on Applied Physics, Information Technologies and Engineering – APITECH-IV 2022
The overview describes the main directions and results of the IV International Conference APITECH-IV 2022 held in Bukhara, Uzbekistan on 6-9 October 2022. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The purpose of the Conference is to share the experience of leading experts in the application of modern methods of applied physics and information technology in high-tech production, in the fields of aerospace, energy, chemical and oil and gas engineering.
Journal Article
Media, anthropology and public engagement (Studies in public and applied anthropology)
Contemporary anthropology is done in a world where social and digital media are playing an increasingly significant role, where anthropological and arts practices are often intertwined in museum and public intervention contexts, and where anthropologists are encouraged to engage with mass media. Because anthropologists are often expected and inspired to ensure their work engages with public issues, these opportunities to disseminate work in new ways and to new publics simultaneously create challenges as anthropologists move their practice into unfamiliar collaborative domains and expose their research to new forms of scrutiny. In this volume, contributors question whether a fresh public anthropology is emerging through these new practices.
eBook
Optically mediated particle clearing using Airy wavepackets
The Airy wavepacket solution for a free particle exhibits propagation invariance and, surprisingly, acceleration transverse to the propagation direction
1
. Discovered as a solution of the free-particle Schrödinger equation, Airy wavepackets have been predicted
2
, and in a recent major step forward, realized
3
in the optical domain, but have never been used in any application. In this Letter we demonstrate the first use of the Airy light beam in optical micromanipulation
4
,
5
. Based on the characteristic intensity pattern, the beam drags particles into the main intensity maximum, which guides particles vertically along a parabolic trajectory. This unusual property of Airy beams leads to a new feature in optical micromanipulation—the removal of particles and cells from a section of a sample chamber. We term this highly robust and efficient process ‘optically mediated particle clearing’, which enables novel microfluidic applications within the colloidal and biological sciences.
Scientists exploit the use of Airy beams — an unusual class of optical waves — in optical manipulation. The beam can be used to transport particles along curved paths without moving the light beam, a technique that seems poised for many microfluidic applications especially in the biological sciences.
Journal Article
