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"Apprenticeship"
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Apprenticeship in early modern Europe
\"The subject of apprenticeship, one of the more enduring of all economic arrangements, has received more attention from economic historians and the economics profession at large in recent years. Yet, compared, say, with issues such as the economics of slave labor or the rise of formal human capital and literacy, apprenticeship -- the mechanism through which practical skills were transferred from generation to generation -- has not been the subject of much research until the last decades\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Knowledge building
A trainee building surveyor continues to build her knowledge by taking on work that will develop her skills, as the third of our series on apprenticeships explains
Journal Article
The aspirant apprentice
In the first of a new series, a trainee surveyor explains how she came to take the apprenticeship pathway into the profession after deciding a traditional route through A levels and university was not for her
Journal Article
CANCELACIÓN O ÉXITO? El futuro de los aprendices del gremio de velluters1 de Valencia, 1570-1592
Tis study analyses the future of apprentices in the silk weavers' guild in the city of Valencia in the last third of the 16th century. Trough the apprenticeship contracts, not only the model apprentice will be traced, but also the socio-professional profle of those young people who cancelled their contracts, as well as those who managed to become masters. Te analysis of these data will show that the sons of masters were not the majority group, but also that they were not the only ones to obtain the mastership. Historiadores como Stephen R. Epstein lo percibieron como una necesidad real para la transmisión de conocimientos técnicos,5 mientras que otros estudiosos como Sheilagh Ogilvie sólo lo vieron como un medio para eliminar la competencia no deseada y así allanar el camino a los hijos de maestros.6 Los estudios más recientes tienden a abogar por una mayor fexibilidad en sus análisis caracterizando a la fgura del aprendiz como un ente heterogéneo y prestando mayor atención a su origen geográfco y social, sus relaciones familiares y personales o su edad; en otras palabras, destacaran las redes entretejidas por los jóvenes y sus familias, así como por el gremio, y la capacidad de movilidad laboral que presentaba este particular sector de la población.7 El aprendizaje gremial es una corriente historiográfca en construcción, con aspectos que requieren de un mayor análisis como pueda ser el propio proceso de transmisión de conocimientos (tácitos o codifcados), el día a día en los talleres artesanales o el futuro de los aprendices.
Journal Article
A survey of inverse reinforcement learning
Learning from demonstration, or imitation learning, is the process of learning to act in an environment from examples provided by a teacher. Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is a specific form of learning from demonstration that attempts to estimate the reward function of a Markov decision process from examples provided by the teacher. The reward function is often considered the most succinct description of a task. In simple applications, the reward function may be known or easily derived from properties of the system and hard coded into the learning process. However, in complex applications, this may not be possible, and it may be easier to learn the reward function by observing the actions of the teacher. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the literature on IRL. This survey outlines the differences between IRL and two similar methods - apprenticeship learning and inverse optimal control. Further, this survey organizes the IRL literature based on the principal method, describes applications of IRL algorithms, and provides areas of future research.
Journal Article
Laboratory Science Workforce Pipeline Strategies
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 24,000 openings for clinical laboratory jobs each year until 2031 (BLS, 2022). The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP, 2023) reported a 14.8% vacancy rate for medical laboratory scientists in the South-Central Atlantic region; this region includes South Carolina. There are not enough MLT or MLS certified laboratorians to keep up with current or future demands. On average, 3779 new certifications were awarded annually between 2019-2023. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina is taking short- and long-term approaches to address workforce challenges.
Methods/Case Report
Since 2018, Pathology and Lab Medicine has increased the number of clinical affiliates from 2 to 9 and have trained a total of 39 MLS students and 37 MLT students. In 2023, through collaboration with the MLT program at the local technical college, we began providing didactic education for 15 current lab team members with bachelor’s degrees but no clinical laboratory background.
Employing youth apprentices is a long-term strategy being initiated in the 24-25 academic year. Juniors and seniors in high school are eligible for a two-year paid apprenticeship. Training includes medical lab assistant and phlebotomy certification. Through recruitment activities, we can increase awareness of the role of laboratory professionals in medicine. Long-term, the apprenticeship training provides an academic pathway to MLT and MLS certification.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
N/A
Conclusion
The short-term strategies have met with varying success and course corrections have been made. Successes and barriers will be discussed. Strategies for recruiting and selecting youth apprentices will be outlined. Training plans for youth apprentices will be presented.
Journal Article
Aprendices en México: entre el paternalismo artesano y la compulsión del obraje (siglos XVI-XVIII)
Palabras clave: gremios, artesanos, aprendizaje, obrajes, castas Abstract Tis article studied a sample of 1927 indenture contracts signed in Mexico City throughout the viceregal period. Among its objectives is to integrate the problem of artisan apprenticeship in Latin America in the debate that has arisen in Europe about this form of instruction in aspects such as the geographical, social and ethnic origin of the apprentices. [...]to analyze what role played the guilds and other forms of labor organization like the obrajes in the transmission of manual knowledge. Te evidence provided indicates that castes and obrajes were key variables that explain the peculiarity of the New Spain case, as well as the imposition of a paternalistic model of apprenticeship. Las estimaciones sitúan en 85.000 los habitantes de 1690, cifra similar a la que la ciudad debió tener en 1570.
Journal Article