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INTRODUCTION: The proper allopathy treatment is unavailable, and the recurrent is very commonly observed for urolithiasis; therefore, there is a need to find out phytochemical options to prevent and treat urolithiasis. Our current research focuses on phytochemical alternatives as it was reported that the bean aqueous extract is used for treating kidney stones as a home remedy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nano-aqueous extract of Phaseolus vulgaris (NAPV) suspension was formulated and evaluated for nano-formulation, the mean particle size was 327 nm, and the zeta potential was found to be −5 mV. We inducted urolithiasis by ethylene glycol-induced rat model as a standard model for evaluating anti-urolithiasis activity. Urolithiasis in rats was successfully induced in all 4 treated groups with ethylene glycol except the control group for 4 weeks as approved by CCSEA. The standard group, Test-1, test-2 were treated with aqueous extract of Phaseolus vulgaris (APV), and NAPV, respectively. RESULTS: The Cystone, APV, and NAPV treated groups normalized the serum, urine biochemical parameters, and kidney function compared to the ethylene glycol-induced disease control group. The kidney tissue anti-oxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione were moderately reversed for the treated groups. The histopathological examination demonstrates the cystone, APV, and NAPV-treated groups better recovered from kidney stone injury compared to the disease control group. CONCLUSION: The APV and nano-formulation effectively reversed the urolithiasis symptoms similar to standard group cystone. Therefore, the APV is one of the potent phytochemical alternatives for the prevention, treatment, and management of urolithiasis.

Lepidium meyenii (maca) is a Peruvian nutraceutical plant, whose hypocotyl has a variety of colors ranging from black to white. The black and red varieties of maca have been the most studied since their extracts are associated with effects such as increased sperm count, decreased glucose levels, reversal of prostatic hyperplasia, among others. However, the properties related to reduction of oxidative stress, metabolic diseases and anti-aging have not yet been confirmed. The aim was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, obtained from spray-dried hydroalcoholic extract of hypocotyl of black and red maca (Lepidium meyenii), on mortality, growth, reproduction, lipid accumulation and the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress and heat shock, in the in-vivo model, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), using different concentrations. The results showed that maca extracts were not toxic to the model at concentrations below 100 mg L-1. However, higher concentrations caused high mortality, growth disturbances, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Black maca extracts increased the reproduction of C. elegans by increasing the number of offspring in C. elegans, both in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. On the other hand, ethanolic extracts produced an increase in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, indicating a mild stressor behavior of the same. C. elegans represents an established model for evaluating the biological properties of nutraceutical plants of biological interest and can be used in the search for antioxidant activity of L. meyenii (hypocotyl), as well as it can be used in future studies to identify some metabolites involved in each biological property and to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in these properties.

Between the dates of 9/18/2019 and 10/23/2019, researchers from the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University will carry out their study. There were 240 Ross 308 chickens employed in the study. The baby chicks were split into four groups for the various experiments. The following parameters of drinking water were examined when a suspension of leaves extract was added at concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 7 ml/liter: body mass index, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate The results demonstrated that the average live body weight, total weight increase, and feed intake of the broilers were significantly enhanced by supplementing their diet with an aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare leaves. Both the feed conversion factor and the mortality rate were rather constant throughout all trials.

Background: Anxiety transcends a natural emotion, evolving into a pathological condition with the potential to trigger cascading cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. Although conventional allopathic medicine offers treatment options, concerns regarding their side effects and long-term efficacy remain prevalent. Medicinal plants contain natural compounds that may be promising sources of therapeutic drugs. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the anxiolytic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum (OS). The growing appeal of plant-based therapies for anxiety stems from perceived advantages in safety and tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The anxiolytic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of OS is evaluated with an elevated plus maze test. A total of 36 Wistar albino rats (150–200 g) were used and randomly divided into six groups of six animals each. The effects of the test drug at different doses, 100 and 200 mg/kg, were compared with the standard anxiolytic drug diazepam at 2 mg/kg body weight and the control group using distilled water at 0.5 mL/kg body weight. Results: The behavioral changes suggested reduced anxiety and openarm exploration in plus-maze indicates reduced anxiety in animals treated with OS extracts. The changes are significantly (P < 0.001) comparable with the standard drug diazepam. Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of OS are more significant than aqueous extracts for evaluating anti-anxiety activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ethanolic extracts are more likely to contain a wider range of bioactive compounds, which are thought to be responsible for the anti-anxiety effects of OS.

This study explores the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytocompatibility properties of aqueous Pinus pinaster bark extract (PBE). PBE was prepared using two solvent systems—100% distilled water and 1% DMSO in aqueous solution—at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (w/v), following ISO guidelines. Extract characterization included yield determination, FTIR analysis, quantification of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, and assessment of antioxidant activity using four complementary methods: free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), metal ion reduction (FRAP), and a competitive reaction assay (ORAC). The phenolic compound profile was further examined by HPLC-DAD. The results indicated that the two extracts exhibited comparable values across all evaluated parameters when expressed per gram of PBE. The TPC and TFC were approximately 400 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g PBE and 92 mg CE (catechin equivalents)/g PBE, respectively. Antioxidant capacity values were about 880, 1030, 3210, and 585 mg TE (Trolox equivalents)/g PBE for the DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, and FRAP assays, respectively. Furthermore, in both extracts, the phenolic and flavonoid contents exhibited strong positive correlations with antioxidant activity across all four chemical assays. The 100% aqueous extract was additionally evaluated for antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility with eukaryotic cells. Compared to the control, the extract demonstrated IC50 values of 0.304, 0.678, and 0.845 mg/mL PBE for the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and fibroblast cells, respectively. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities showed a positive association within concentration ranges that remained non-cytotoxic to fibroblasts. Overall, these findings indicate that the aqueous PBE retains cytocompatibility across a wide concentration range while maintaining both antioxidant and antibacterial activities, underscoring its potential for biological applications involving direct contact with eukaryotic cells.

The majority of allelopathic studies on invasive plants have focused primarily on their leaf-mediated allelopathy, with relatively little attention paid to their root-mediated allelopathy, especially co-allelopathy mediated by both leaves and roots. It is conceivable that the diversified composition of acid rain may influence the allelopathy of invasive plants. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis L. under acid rain with different nitrogen-sulfur ratios (N/S) on Lactuca sativa L. via a hydroponic incubation. The root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis was found to be more pronounced than the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis with nitric acid at pH 4.5, but the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis was observed to be more pronounced than the root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis with sulfuric-rich acid at pH 4.5. The leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of S. canadensis was more pronounced than that of either part alone with sulfuric acid at pH 5.6 and nitric acid at pH 4.5, but not with nitric-rich acid at pH 4.5 and sulfuric-rich acid at pH 4.5. Sulfuric acid and sulfuric-rich acid with stronger acidity intensified the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis . Nitric acid and nitric-rich acid attenuated the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis , and most types of acid rain (especially nitric acid and nitric-rich acid) also attenuated the root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis and the leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of S. canadensis . Sulfuric acid and sulfuric-rich acid produced a more pronounced effect than nitric acid and nitric-rich acid. Hence, the N/S ratio of acid rain influenced the allelopathy of S. canadensis under acid rain with multiple N/S ratios.

Air pollution causes skin damage and favors skin aging processes such as dark spots and wrinkles, through oxidative stress. Pollutant substances accelerate skin aging through a specific activation of intracellular receptors called AhR (aryl-hydrocarbon receptors). aqueous extract (DAE) has shown to counteract the pollutant-induced AhR activation. Ferulic acid (FA) and vitamin C (VC) are potent antioxidant substances. A serum containing DAE/FA/VC has been recently developed. So far, no clinical data are available regarding the protective actions of this serum against the detrimental effects of air pollution on the skin. We conducted a prospective, single-blind, 28-day study to assess efficacy and protective effects against air pollution skin damage of a new serum containing extract. Twenty, photo type I-III, women (mean age 42 years) with at least three dark spots on the face, living in a homogenous urbanized, high pollution area (Rome) were evaluated. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of treatment on skin barrier function, assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement (Tewameter), the effect on dark spots, evaluated by means of colorimetry (Colorimeter CL 400), and the effect on squalene peroxide (SQOOH)/squalene (SQ) skin ratio assessed with face swabs. The trial was conducted between November 20 and December 19, 2018. In comparison with baseline, the product induced a significant improvement of skin hydration (-19% of TEWL), a significant improvement of dark spots (+7%) and a significant improvement of SQOOH/SQ ratio (-16%). The product was evaluated very well by >90% of the treated subjects regarding cosmetic acceptability. A serum containing DAE/FA/VC has shown to improve skin barrier function, to reduce dark spots and to counteract the skin oxidative stress in women living in high pollution urban area.

 The current study was aimed to synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using aqueous extract of olive leaves (OLE), which is very simple and eco-friendly method. ZnONPs were formed by dissolving of OLE in zinc oxide solution with adjusted pH to 12. Zinc acetate dehydrate reduced to ZnONPs during mixing with OLE associated with change of the color solution from white to pale yellow color within a few minutes. The synthesized OLEZnONPs were separated by centrifugation (4000rpm/ 5min) , then characterized by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) methods. The results of FT-IR showed that the functional group related to Zn-O at (433.98 to 416.67 cm_1), whereas X-RD at 2 theta diagnose the type of oxide formation as ZnO and determined particle size in range (20 – 30 nm). Besides, SEM image was showed the presence of hexagonal shape of ZnO nanoparticles (42.87nm). Therefore, the biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Olea Europaea leaves was simple, low coast, can be an alternative to chemical synthesis and the possibility of using in biomedicine field

A novel green source Ziziphus mauritiana fresh young leaves was opted to synthesize silver nanoparticles and analyze its antibacterial activity. The bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts reduced silver ions to NPs, indicated by change in color from red to dark brown. In this study, we have successfully synthesized nanoparticles using Z. mauritiana aqueous leaf extract as a reducing agent and the reaction process of synthesized nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The UV-Vis absorption peak showed maximum adsorption at 420 nm confirmed the silver nanoparticles synthesis. Further characterization was carried out by FTIR and the results recorded a downward shift of absorption the bands between 400 to 4000 cm-1 indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles. Finally, the present research was exploited to study the antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles produced Z. mauritiana was studied using different pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus sp., Klebsiella pneumonia and E.coli from the well diffusion results, the synthesized silver nanoparticles displayed the best antibacterial property as compared to the antibiotic has been reported in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that the Z. mauritiana aqueous extract facilitate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and also exhibits antibacterial activity.

Lavender is a valuable perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family. It is grown mainly for its essential oil, but it also contains polar bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and coumarins. Their level depends on the species, cultivars, geographical origin, climatic conditions, harvest time and extraction method. The authors investigated the effect of several extraction procedures (maceration, decoction and ultrasound-assisted extraction) applied to three cultivars of Lavandula angustifolia (Betty’s Blue, Elizabeth, Hidcote) and two cultivars of Lavandula x intermedia (Grosso, Gros Bleu) on the yield of the polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed the presence of rosmarinic acid (2.52–10.82 mg/g), ferulic acid glucoside (2.94–8.67 mg/g), caffeic acid (1.70–3.10 mg/g), morin (1.02–13.63 mg/g), coumarin (1.01–5.97 mg/g) and herniarin (1.05–8.02 mg/g). The content of phenolic acids and flavonoids was higher in lavender, while the content of coumarins was higher in lavandin in all types of extracts. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH-EPR assay for antiradical properties (104.58–206.77 μmol Trolox/g) and FRAP assay for reducing properties (79.21–203.06 μmol Trolox/g). The obtained results showed that the cultivar is the dominant factor differentiating the samples. Still, the extraction method plays an important role in the final bioactive substances content and antioxidant properties of obtained extracts.