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The new silk road : how a rising Arab world is turning away from the West and rediscovering China
The author offers an unrivalled view of how the Arab world is turning away from the West and rediscovering China.
Book
China's Relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Multilevel Diplomacy in a Divided Arab World
This article examines China's relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council states. China's interests in the Gulf region have been evolving; and in the 21^(st) century they cover geopolitical interests, economic and trade interests, energy security interests, and nontraditional security interests. China's approach is multilevel: it maintains diplomatic relations with individual GCC states; it has initiated formal mechanisms of regular regional forums; it engages in people-to-people diplomacy through student exchanges and the setting up of Confucius Institutes in various GCC states; it maintains dialogues with other major powers; and it participates in important multilateral conferences on regional affairs. This article assesses China's performance in this multilevel diplomacy that demands close coordination between the various levels of foreign policy making and policy implementation, and the maintenance of a delicate balance in the complex major power competition and regional rivalries in a divided Arab world. In line with China's Arab-world experts who often examine the strategic configuration in the Gulf region within a framework of five periods, China's Gulf policy is analyzed in the following stages: (1) 1958-1967, (2) 1967-1971, (3) 1971-1979, (4) 1979-1990, (5) 1990-2001, and (6) 2001-present. Major emphasis is placed on developments in recent years.
Journal Article
Islam, Energy, and Development: Taiwan and China in Saudi Arabia, 1949–2013
While China's relations with Arab states have been studied by many, Taiwan's relations with them have hardly been investigated. This study takes Saudi Arabia as a case study and examines the development of Taiwanese-Saudi relations in the period between 1949 and 2013, comparing them to Chinese-Saudi relations. The Taiwanese-Saudi formal diplomatic relationship lasted for over four decades until 1990 and was longer than any other Taiwanese-Arab formal relationship. Even after Saudi Arabia's normalization with China, Taiwan has maintained substantial economic, social, and cultural relations with Saudi Arabia on an informal basis, which have shown signs of reinvigoration in recent years. This long Taiwanese-Saudi \"honeymoon\" was previously seen from the Cold War perspective. Nevertheless, the anti-Communism factor alone is not sufficient for explaining the course of the development of Taiwanese/Chinese-Saudi relations. This article adds three factors to the analysis — (1) Islam; (2) energy; and (3) development — and revisits those two bilateral relations.
Journal Article
The Geography of Sino-Israeli Relations
The People's Republic of China was formally founded in October 1949, only eleven months after the state of Israel. Although situated on opposite ends of the Asian continent, both nations began as poor, agrarian societies, early in their formation facing many similar challenges such as territorial threats. However, the geographic distance between the Middle Kingdom and the Holy Land, their location vis-à-vis Europe and the West, and their contrasting experience with the former colonial powers decisively influenced their world outlook, keeping these two countries at arm's length for decades. The United States in particular played a decisive role as an impediment to the natural growth of a stronger relationship between these two ancient nations that have much in common. Now, as China and Israel complete the twentieth year of diplomatic relations, and as the Sino-Israeli relationship appears more independent from American influence than ever before, the two nations are finally poised to explore the abundance of synergies that bind them through deeper and broader interaction and a shared goal of bringing those benefits to the wider world.
Journal Article
العلاقات العربية-الصينية
هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقات العربية الصينية: تحديات معاصرة. وأوضحت الدراسة أن الدول العربية وجمهورية \"الصين\" الشعبية ترتبط بعلاقات تاريخية ومتطورة على نحو محظوظ ومستمر، ورغم امتداد هذه العلاقات لقرون طويلة عبر التاريخ، إلا أن جذورها في التاريخ المعاصر تعود إلى مؤتمر باندونغ الذي عبد الطريق لإقامة العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين الدول العربية وجمهورية \"الصين\" الشعبية. واستعرضت الدراسة أبرز التحديات التي واجهت العلاقات العربية الصينية ومنها، \"الصين\" والربيع العربي، وأثر مساعي \"الصين\" لتطوير مصادر الطاقة في علاقاتها بالدول العربية. وتحديات أخرى أمام التعاون العربي الصيني مثل \"ضعف الاهتمام \"بالصين\" من جانب بعض البلدان العربية، وقلة البحوث والدراسات العربية حول \"الصين\"، وأثر الإعلام الغربي، وضعف دور السفارات العربية، وغياب الأمن والاستقرار في بعض البلدان العربية، وأهمية العامل الثقافي، والترجمة ودورها في تعزيز العلاقات العربية الصينية. وجاءت الدراسة بنظرة مستقبلية إلى العلاقات العربية الصينية. واختتمت الدراسة بالتأكيد على أن الدول العربية يمكنها تحقيق الكثير من المكاسب من علاقاتها السياسية الطيبة بجمهورية الصين الشعبية من خلال الاستفادة من التجربة الصينية الرائدة في مجال التنمية والإصلاح الاقتصادي، فقد حققت \"الصين\" ما يطلق عليه تسمية \"المعجزة\" في مجال التنمية الاقتصادية، وأصبحت مثلاً يحتذي لجميع الدول النامية التي عليها إذا ما أرادت النهوض هي الأخرى استلهام الدروس من هذه التجربة الرائدة. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2018
Journal Article
CHINA'S POLICY TOWARD IRAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Beijing's policy toward the Middle East has evolved as the People's Republic of China (PRC) has risen in power and as the Middle East and the rest of the world has undergone economic and political change. Through much of the Cold War era, the PRC had few diplomatic partners in the region and was relatively inactive there. Its interests were primarily ideological and its propaganda focused on China's revolutionary credentials, presenting the PRC as the natural ally of the anti-colonial and anti-imperialist Arab states. Beijing's virulent attacks were directed not only at what it considered Western colonial and imperialist control and exploitation, but also at the revisionist Soviet collusion with the United States. From the late 1970s on, Beijing's operations in the Middle East became more pragmatic and pluralistic, transcending ideology. As the PRC grew in economic and diplomatic strength, Beijing became increasingly keen on expanding its influence and asserting its interests in the region, seeking to shape geopolitics in its favor. Since the 1980s, China's burgeoning economy in the wake of Deng Xiaoping's crusade for \"opening and reform\" has generated two additional major policy priorities in the Middle East. One is the development and consolidation of energy resources. The other is the pursuit of investment opportunities and consumer markets for Chinese goods.
Journal Article