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"Arabic language -- Usage"
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The Arabic Language
An introductory guide for students of Arabic language, Arabic historical linguistics and Arabic sociolinguistics New for this edition
Additional chapters on the structure of Arabic, bilingualism and Arabic pidgins and creoles
A full explanation of the use of conventional Arabic transcription and IPA characters
An updated bibliography
All chapters have been revised and updated in light of recent research
Concentrating on the difference between the two types of Arabic - the classical standard language and the dialects - Kees Versteegh charts the history and development of the Arabic language from its earliest beginnings to modern times.
The reader is given a solid grounding in the structure of the language, its historical context and its use in various literary and non-literary genres, as well as an understanding of the role of Arabic as a cultural, religious and political world language. Key Features
Covers all aspects of the history of Arabic, the Arabic linguistic tradition, Arabic dialects, sociolinguistics and Arabic as a world language
Makes links between linguistic history and cultural history
Emphasises the role of contacts between Arabic and other languages
eBook
Arabic : a linguistic introduction
\"This lively introduction to the linguistics of Arabic provides students with a concise overview of the language's structure and its various components: its phonology, morphology and syntax. Through exercises, discussion points and assignment built into every chapter, the book presents the Arabic language in vivid and engaging terms, encouraging students to grasp the complexity of its linguistic situation\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Arabic and the Media
This volume is the first of its kind to deal with the relation between Arabic and the media. It focuses on close analyses of examples of media Arabic (code-switching, language variation, orthography and constructions of identity), and also offers approaches to the use of media for teaching Arabic.
eBook
Arab students' writing in English at the college level : challenges and remedies
\"This book contains detailed theoretical information as well as practical strategies, techniques and pedagogical tips. It also includes analysis to the problems and challenges that face ESL/EFL students in general and Arab learners in specific. The book could be of interest not only to EFL researchers in academic writing, writing instructors, EFL educators at the college level, policymakers, and undergraduate and graduate students, but also for any second or foreign language teachers\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Arabic Language and Linguistics
Arabic, one of the official languages of the United Nations, is spoken by more than half a billion people around the world and is of increasing importance in today's political and economic spheres. The study of the Arabic language has a long and rich history: earliest grammatical accounts date from the 8th century and include full syntactic, morphological, and phonological analyses of the vernaculars and of Classical Arabic. In recent years the academic study of Arabic has become increasingly sophisticated and broad.
This state-of-the-art volume presents the most recent research in Arabic linguistics from a theoretical point of view, including computational linguistics, syntax, semantics, and historical linguistics. It also covers sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and discourse analysis by looking at issues such as gender, urbanization, and language ideology. Underlying themes include the changing and evolving attitudes of speakers of Arabic and theoretical approaches to linguistic variation in the Middle East.
eBook
On the fractal patterns of language structures
Natural Language Processing (NLP) makes use of Artificial Intelligence algorithms to extract meaningful information from unstructured texts, i.e., content that lacks metadata and cannot easily be indexed or mapped onto standard database fields. It has several applications, from sentiment analysis and text summary to automatic language translation. In this work, we use NLP to figure out similar structural linguistic patterns among several different languages. We apply the word2vec algorithm that creates a vector representation for the words in a multidimensional space that maintains the meaning relationship between the words. From a large corpus we built this vectorial representation in a 100-dimensional space for English, Portuguese, German, Spanish, Russian, French, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Italian, Arabic, Hebrew, Basque, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and Estonian. Then, we calculated the fractal dimensions of the structure that represents each language. The structures are multi-fractals with two different dimensions that we use, in addition to the token-dictionary size rate of the languages, to represent the languages in a three-dimensional space. Finally, analyzing the distance among languages in this space, we conclude that the closeness there is tendentially related to the distance in the Phylogenetic tree that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of the languages from a common ancestor.
Journal Article
AraFast: Developing and Evaluating a Comprehensive Modern Standard Arabic Corpus for Enhanced Natural Language Processing
The research presented in the following paper focuses on the effectiveness of a modern standard Arabic corpus, AraFast, in training transformer models for natural language processing tasks, particularly in Arabic. In the study described herein, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of AraFast across different configurations: segmented, unsegmented, and mini versions. The main outcomes of the present study are as follows: Transformer models trained with larger and cleaner versions of AraFast, especially in question-answering, indicate the impact of corpus quality and size on model efficacy. Secondly, a dramatic reduction in training loss was observed with the mini version of AraFast, underscoring the importance of optimizing corpus size for effective training. Moreover, the segmented text format led to a decrease in training loss, highlighting segmentation as a beneficial strategy in Arabic NLP. In addition, using the study findings, challenges in managing noisy data derived from web sources are identified, which were found to significantly hinder model performance. These findings collectively demonstrate the critical role of well-prepared, segmented, and clean corpora in advancing Arabic NLP capabilities. The insights from AraFast’s application can guide the development of more efficient NLP models and suggest directions for future research in enhancing Arabic language processing tools.
Journal Article
Sentence Repetition as a Clinical Marker of Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence From Arabic
Purpose: Research on the typical and impaired grammatical acquisition of Arabic is limited. This study systematically examined the morphosyntactic abilities of Arabic-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) using a novel sentence repetition task. The usefulness of the task as an indicator of DLD in Arabic was determined. Method: A LITMUS (Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings) sentence repetition task was developed in Palestinian Arabic (LITMUS-SR-PA-72) and administered to 30 children with DLD (M = 61.50 months, SD = 11.27) and 60 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (M = 63.85 months, SD = 10.16). The task targeted grammatical structures known to be problematic for Arabic-speaking children with DLD (language specific) and children with DLD across languages (language independent). Responses were scored using binary, error, and structural scoring methods. Results: Children with DLD scored below TD children on the LITMUS-SR-PA-72, in general, and in the repetition of language-specific and language-independent structures. The frequency of morphosyntactic errors was higher in the DLD group relative to the TD group. Despite the large similarity of the type of morphosyntactic errors between the two groups, some atypical errors were exclusively produced by the DLD group. The three scoring methods showed good diagnostic power in the discrimination between children with DLD and children without DLD. Conclusions: Sentence repetition was an area of difficulty for Palestinian Arabic-speaking children with DLD. The DLD group demonstrated difficulties with language-specific and language-independent structures, particularly complex sentences with noncanonical word order. Most grammatical errors made by the DLD group resembled those of the TD group and were mostly omissions or substitutions of grammatical affixes or omissions of function words. SR appears to hold promise as a good indicator for the presence or absence of DLD in Arabic. Further validation of these findings using population-based studies is warranted.
Journal Article
A Dialectal Acoustic Comparison of Vowels in Jordanian Arabic: Madani Dialect vs Fallahi Dialect
This study investigates the acoustic correlates of long and short vowel contrast for two dialects spoken in the northern part of Jordan. More specifically, it describes the vowels uttered in a connected speech by the Urban Speakers (referred to as 'Madani Dialect,' henceforth 'MD') and Rural Speakers (referred to as 'Fallah Dialect,' henceforth 'FD'). Three males and two females from each region uttered 40 words. The vowel inventory for both dialects consists of three short vowels, /i, a,u/, and five long vowels, /i: a: u: e: o:/. Phonetically speaking, vowels can be best analyzed by measuring their acoustic properties rather than describing their articulatory configurations (Ladefoged, 2003). As such, analyzing formant frequencies is the most common method to examine the characteristics of vowel systems of any language or variety. The F1, F2, and duration are the acoustic parameters that were measured, analyzed, and compared with previous studies when necessary. The results revealed that females have higher formants than males, duration is a cue for vowel identity, and length is phonemic. Also, the vowels of the Madani and Fallahi dialects were found to have relatively shorter durations than their Arabic counterparts by Egyptian, Palestinian, Saudi, and Sudanese. Index Terms--Madani dialect, Fallahi dialect, vowel quantity, vowel quality, vocalic space
Journal Article