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Kuttab discusses the identity of Fatah and Palestinian Authority (PA). From its early days, Fatah was the largest Palestinian faction and viewed itself as the leader of the Palestinian national movement. It lacked a doctrinaire ideology, as most of the other factions had, and included political views that ranged from leftist Marxist, Leninists to conservative Muslim Brotherhood types. After Fatah won the first elections held for the Palestinian National Authority, the confusion over the identity of Fatah increased since Arafat was the head of Fatah, the Palestinian Authority, and the PLO, to boot.

The Palestinian national movement reached a dead-end and came close to disintegration at the beginning of the present century. The struggle for power after the death of Yasser Arafat in 2004 signaled the end of a path toward statehood prepared by the Oslo Accords a decade before. The reasons for the failure of the movement are deeply rooted in modern Palestinian history. As'ad Ghanem analyzes the internal and external events that unfolded as the Palestinian national movement became a failed national movement, marked by internecine struggle and collapse, the failure to secure establishment of a separate state and achieve a stable peace with Israel, and the movement's declining stature within the Arab world and the international community.

Yasir Arafat stands as one of the most resilient, recognizable and controversial political figures of modern times. The object of unrelenting suspicion, steady admiration and endless speculation, Arafat has occupied the center stage of Middle East politics for almost four decades. Yasir Arafat is the most comprehensive political biography of this remarkable man. Forged in a tumultuous era of competing traditionalism, radicalism, Arab nationalism, and Islamist forces, the Palestinian movement was almost entirely Arafat's creation, and he became its leader at an early age. Arafat took it through a dizzying series of crises and defeats, often of his own making, yet also ensured that it survived, grew, and gained influence. Disavowing terrorism repeatedly, he also practiced it constantly. Arafat's elusive behavior ensured that radical regimes saw in him a comrade in arms, while moderates backed him as a potential partner in peace. After years of devotion to armed struggle, Arafat made a dramatic agreement with Israel that let him return to his claimed homeland and transformed him into a legitimized ruler. Yet at the moment of decision at the Camp David summit and afterward, when he could have achieved peace and a Palestinian state, he sacrificed the prize he had supposedly sought for the struggle he could not live without. Richly populated with the main events and dominant leaders of the Middle East, this detailed and analytical account by Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin follows Arafat as he moves to Kuwait, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia, and finally to Palestinian-ruled soil. It shows him as he rewrites his origins, experiments with guerrilla war, develops a doctrine of terrorism, fights endless diplomatic battles, and builds a movement, constantly juggling states, factions, and world leaders. Whole generations and a half-dozen U.S. presidents have come and gone over the long course of Arafat's career. But Arafat has outlasted them all, spanning entire eras, with three constants always present: he has always survived, he has constantly seemed imperiled, and he has never achieved his goals. While there has been no substitute for Arafat, the authors conclude, Arafat has been no substitute for a leader who could make peace.

Rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are cost‐effective energy storage devices and display high‐energy density. To realize high round‐trip energy efficiency, it is critical to develop durable bi‐functional air electrodes, presenting high catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction reactions together. Herein, we report a nanocomposite based on ternary CoNiFe‐layered double hydroxides (LDH) and cobalt coordinated and N‐doped porous carbon (Co‐N‐C) network, obtained by the in‐situ growth of LDH over the surface of ZIF‐67‐derived 3D porous network. Co‐N‐C network contributes to the oxygen reduction reaction activity, while CoNiFe‐LDH imparts to the oxygen evolution reaction activity. The rich active sites and enhanced electronic and mass transport properties stemmed from their unique architecture, culminated into outstanding bi‐functional catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction in alkaline media. In ZABs, it displays a high peak power density of 228 mW cm −2 and a low voltage gap of 0.77 V over an ultra‐long lifespan of 950 h. image

On Sep 13, 1993, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shook hands on the White House lawn, flanked by a smug-looking US President Bill Clinton. They had just signed an agreement that would be hailed as a historic peace deal putting an end to the decades-old \"conflict\" between Palestinians and Israelis. Around the world, people celebrated the deal, which came to be known as the Oslo accords. It was perceived as a great feat of diplomacy. A year later, Arafat and Rabin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Many Palestinians were also hopeful that they would finally get a sovereign state, even if it were on less than 22 percent of their original homeland. Indeed, that was the promise of the Oslo accords--a phased process toward Palestinian statehood. Thirty years later, the Palestinians are as far away from statehood as they have ever been. They have lost even more land to illegal Israeli settlements and are forced to live in ever shrinking bantustans across colonized Palestine. By now, it is clear that Oslo was meant only to help Israel consolidate its occupation and colonization of Palestine.

Pitner presents an obituary for Dr. Saeb Erekat, driven defender of Palestinian rights who died in 2020 at the age of 65. Dr. Erekat was known, both at home and abroad, as a tirelessly dedicated advocate and negotiator for peace and freedom for his people. Erekat was born in Jerusalem but grew up in Jericho. He was educated in the US, earning degrees from San Francisco State and a doctorate degree in conflict resolution from University of Bradford in Britain. Even while studying abroad, Palestine was never far from his heart and mind.