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This article presents a balance of the most significant research carried out in Spain on the public policies and business strategies that guided the implementation of different forms of forced labor under Francoism, during both the war and the dictatorship. It deals with the logic and economic impact of this type of punishment, attending to two main aspects. In the first place, the legal organization of forced labor is explained, and emphasis is placed on the role it played in mitigating the shortage of labor power in some sectors. In the second place, the article analyses the profit margins produced by this kind of labor in comparison with free labor, related to productivity levels. In this respect, important differences can be appreciated between work during the war and in the postwar period, as well as between work depending on the army and that of private companies.

State workers in China have until recently enjoyed the 'iron rice bowl' of comprehensive cradle-to-grave benefits and lifetime employment. This central institution in Chinese politics emerged over the course of various crises that swept through China's industrial sector prior to and after revolution in 1949. Frazier explores critical phases in the expansion of the Chinese state during the middle third of the twentieth century to reveal how different labour institutions reflected state power. While the 'iron rice bowl' is usually seen as an outgrowth of Communist labour policy, Frazier's account shows that is has longer historical roots. As a product of the Chinese state, the iron rice bowl's dismantling in the 1990s has raised sensitive issues about the way in which the contemporary Chinese state exerts control over urban industrial society. This book sheds light on state and society relations in China under the Nationalist and Communist regimes.

Dem modernen Wohlfahrtsstaat kommt in fortgeschrittenen kapitalistischen Gesellschaften grundsätzlich die Rolle der Konstitution und Distribution arbeitsmarktvermittelter Lebenschancen zu; gleichwohl nimmt er in dieser Funktion unterschiedliche institutionelle Ausprägungen an. Mit Hilfe der von G. Esping-Andersen entwickelten Trias wohlfahrtsstaatlicher 'Regimes' lassen sich drei idealtypische Arrangements staatlicher Strukturierung sozialer Ungleichheit durch sozialpolitische Intervention unterscheiden. Allerdings blendet auch diese Typologie die südeuropäischen Manifestationen von Wohlfahrtsstaatlichkeit weitestgehend aus. Die exemplarische Skizzierung des historischen Wandels arbeits- und sozialpolitischer Regulierungsmuster in Spanien drängt jedoch die Frage nach einer typologierelevanten regulativen Eigenständigkeit postautoritärer Wohlfahrtsstaaten auf- als einer weiteren Variante der staatlichen Zuweisung ungleicher, erwerbsarbeitsvermittelter Soziallagen. All welfare states play a decisive part in the constitution and distribution of labour market-related life chances in advanced capitalist societies, albeit in various modes. The divergent welfare state 'regimes' identified by Gøsta Esping-Andersen allow to distinguish three ideal-typical modes of structuring social inequality by means of welfare state intervention. A weakness of this typology is, however, that it largely ignores the Southern European manifestations of welfare statism. Interestingly enough, an analysis of historical change in the regulation of labour and social policy in Spain suggests the existence of a typologically relevant peculiarity of state interventionism in Mediterranean welfare states. The Spanish case may thus be seen as representing the specific post-authoritarian variety of the institutional regulation of individual life chances.