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Switching to ArcGIS Pro from ArcMap
\"This book will be an invaluable resource for those looking to migrate from ArcMap to ArcGIS Pro. Rather than teach Pro from the start, this book focuses on the difference between Pro and ArcMap for a more rapid adjustment to common workflows\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Implementation of mapping through ArcGIS using elements of local history for training geography and history teachers
The article is dedicated to the matter of implementing a local history studies component among the students majoring in Geography at higher education institutions, in conjunction with the Geoinformation mapping courses. When studying courses of the major, the students consider the matter of local history studies that allows them not only to get informed about the territory of the native land as a whole but also enables them to create its general geoinformational model. The practical stage of the research engaged the 3 rd and 4 th year students majoring in Geography and Geography and History at Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University. During the experiment, the students created a layout of unique places and tourist zones of their native land. As a result, using region information mapping, the students prepared digital layouts of the East Kazakhstan region, which had not been previously mentioned in the Geoinformational mapping course.
Journal Article
Mapping and 3D modelling using quadrotor drone and GIS software
Background
The main obstacle for local and daily or weekly time-series mapping using very high-resolution satellite imagery is the high price and availability of data. These constraints are currently obtaining solutions in line with the development of improved UAV drone technology with a wider range and imaging sensors that can be used.
Findings
Research conducted using Inspire 2 quadcopter drones with RGB cameras, developing 3D models using photogrammetric and situation mapping uses geographic information systems. The drone used has advantages in a wider range of areas with adequate power support. The drone is also supported by a high-quality camera with dreadlocks for image stability, so it is suitable for use in mapping activities.
Conclusions
Using Google earth data at two separate locations as a benchmark for the accuracy of measurement of the area at three variations of flying height in taking pictures, the results obtained were 98.53% (98.68%), 95.2% (96.1%), and 94.4% (94.7%) for each altitude of 40, 80, and 100 m. The next research is to assess the results of the area for more objects from the land cover as well as for the more varied polygon area so that the reliability of the method can be used in general
Journal Article
Development of the Statistical Errors Raster Toolbox with Six Automated Models for Raster Analysis in GIS Environments
The Statistical Errors Raster Toolbox includes models of the most popular error metrics in the interdisciplinary literature, namely, root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), mean bias error (MBE), normalized mean bias error (NMBE), mean absolute error (MAE) and normalized mean absolute error (NMAE), for computing the areal errors of any raster file in .tiff format as compared with a reference raster file. The models are applicable to any size of raster files, no matter if no-data pixels are included. The only prerequisites are that the two raster files share the same units, cell size, and projection system. The novelty lies in the fact that, to date, there is no such application in ArcGIS Pro 3/ArcMap 10.8. Therefore, users who work with raster files require external software, plus the relevant expertise. An application on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of Peloponnese peninsula (Greece) is presented. MODIS ET products and ETo raster files for empirical methods are employed. The results of the models (for 20,440 valid values) are compared to the results of external software (for 1000 random points). Considering that the different sample sizes can lead to different accuracies and the inhomogeneity of the area, it is obvious that the results are almost identical.
Journal Article
Analysing formal transformations in sustainable urban structures in Kufa City, Iraq
The research discusses the formal transformation in urban structure, all the cities around the world have undergone a series of formal transformations, resulting in radical transformations to their functions. And to calculate this transformation the descriptive analytical method was applied to this research. First, local urban management data and Landsat-9 visual data were used after processing by GIS. Then, the data were processed mathematically based on their engineering sequences. The aims of this research were as follows: to explore the formal transformations in cities, their dimensions and their consequences and impacts; to identify the underlying causes of their occurrence by deriving realistic results from trends in such degrees of transformation; and to reduce the adverse effects and to establish a sustainable urban structure by taking Kufa City as a model. The research covered the following two time periods: 2002-2012 and 2012-2022, as they represent the time during which Kufa City experienced remarkable formal transformation in urban structure as a result of urbanisation and random growth. Different forms of land use were identified, and formal transformations were analysed. The results showed that the largest transformation occurred when the agricultural land transformed into construction land; which was used in different ways than the original intent. The land uses were visualised digitally at high resolution. The transformation in land use led to formal transformations in the city structure, both planned and randomly implemented. The other objective of this research is to address misuse of the city’s infrastructure; however, sustainability was not considered for several reasons. The agricultural land represents the nutritional value of the city as it provides Kufa and nearby cities with agricultural products. It also represents the green barrier as the environmental conduit for the city. This research recommends managing population growth by using basic city schemes of planning and predicting formal transformations. This approach is the basis for transforming city structures by identifying future structural features in sustainable ways.
Journal Article
Study of the Deterioration in the Vegetation Cover of Al-Amiriya Region in Baghdad Province by using PCA equation on the Satellite Image
This paper examines the decrease in vegetation cover in Al-Amiriya from 2007 to 2020. Using two Landsat satellite multispectral images and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) with a classification technique, the overall vegetation cover in the city was determined. Results show a decrease in overall green land when comparing the two images. The ArcMap-GIS program was used to conduct the study, and the results showed that the overall vegetation cover ratio had decreased from 32.53% in 2007 to 31.29% in 2020. This means that there has been a decrease in vegetation cover over the past 13 years. It is important to note that this could be a sign of environmental degradation and increased human development in the area, and should be taken into consideration when developing strategies to protect the environment.
Journal Article
A method for integrating GIS and big data platforms
Geographic Information System (GIS) has been played an important role in many applications of our daily life since 1970. Recently, with the rapid development of new technologies, earth’s data increases explosively. Many studies have been proposed to extend big data platforms with spatial data storage and processing. GIS users, however, still need a method to work with a large of data sets with traditional tools. This paper proposes a method to integrate ArcMap with Apache Hadoop and its ecosystem. The method has two phases including database creating and querying in Apache Hive. There are two tools following the proposed method are developed for illustration purpose. The experiment results on a data set of taxi trips in a year show that the method impressively improves the query performance.
Journal Article
Annual Actual Evapotranspiration Estimation via GIS Models of Three Empirical Methods Employing Remotely Sensed Data for the Peloponnese, Greece, and Comparison with Annual MODIS ET and Pan Evaporation Measurements
Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) has been insufficiently investigated in Greece. This study aimed to estimate annual ETa by empirical methods (Turc, modified Turc, and Coutagne) for the Peloponnese, Greece, a Mediterranean testbed, between 2016–2019, four of the warmest years since the preindustrial era, and compare them to MODIS ET. Furthermore, measurements of annual pan evaporation (Epan) were performed for two Class A pan stations in the Peloponnese with different reliefs and conditions. The empirical methods and statistical formulae (RMSD, MB, and NMB) were developed as models in ArcMap. The outcomes of the Turc method resembled MODIS ET ranges for all years, followed by those of Coutagne. The estimates by the modified Turc method were almost identical to MODIS ET. Therefore, the modified Turc method can be used as an alternative to MODIS ET (and vice versa) for the Peloponnese for 2016–2019. Moreover, the Epan at Patras University station (semiurban, low elevation) exhibited an upward trend resembling the trends of the empirical methods over the study years, whereas the Epan at Ladonas station (higher elevation, lakeside) required investigation on a monthly time scale. Additionally, the gradual decrease of pan-water icing at Ladonas in December (from 20 d in 2016 to 0 d in 2019) could imply an undergoing decrease in snowpack storage retention across the mountains of the Peloponnese.
Journal Article
Estimating the validity of the recognition results of earthquake-prone areas using the ArcMap
In 1972, V. Keilis-Borok and I. Gelfand introduced the phenomenological approach based on the morphostructural zoning and pattern recognition for identification of earthquake-prone areas. This methodology identifies seismogenic nodes capable of generating strong earthquakes on the basis of geological, morphological, and geophysical data, which do not contain information on past seismicity. In the period 1972–2018, totally, 26 worldwide seismic regions have been studied and maps showing the recognized earthquake-prone areas in each region have been published. After that, 11 of these regions were hit by earthquakes of the relevant sizes. The goal of this work is to analyze the correlation of the post-publication events with seismogenic nodes defined in these 11 regions. The test was performed using the NEIC earthquake catalog because it uniformly defines the location and magnitudes of earthquakes over the globe. The ArcMap facilities were exploited to plot the post-publication events on the maps showing the recognized seismogenic nodes. We found that about 86% of such events fall in the recognized seismogenic nodes. The performed test proved the sufficient validity of the methodology for identifying areas capable of strong earthquakes and confirms the idea on nucleating strong earthquakes at the nodes.
Journal Article
Finding the best path based on geographic information systems for transporting construction waste
With the continued growth of the population, the activities resulting from this growth increased, especially urban expansion, which produced large construction waste. The random accumulation of this waste has turned into a global problem that cannot be ignored or postponed. Therefore, special landfills were established to transport the waste generated in any area to it, and because the cost of transportation depends the path that is taken directly, the best path had to be chosen. With the lack of scientific awareness of choosing the best path, this increased the cost of transportation, and here the need to intensify efforts and use technology to solve this problem. In this paper, the selection of the best path was studied. The field of study is in the city of Baghdad, where a specific building and two landfills approved by the Municipality of Baghdad were chosen. The required locations were obtained using (Google Earth) software, and the road network was downloaded with (QGIS) software, then (ArcMap) was used to determine the best path. As the first landfill was the closest in distance and the second was less in time. The study found that GIS technology is effective in the selection process and recommended the need to use GIS technology in construction waste management, and to install special steering devices on construction waste transport vehicles.
Journal Article