Explore the vast range of titles available.

The article initially deals with the difficulties that can arise when sound recordings of archaeological sound objects are made in museum rooms. In order to reduce these problems as much as possible, a simple but effective, sound-reduced recording chamber has been developed. It is used in the FWF (Austrian Sciences Funds) project \"Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD\", which investigates bells, pellet bells, and jewelleries with jingles. The chamber was constructed from 8 mm thick poplar plywood panels. Its isolation consists of a double layer of mineral wool, Rockfon Facett Plano 20 mm. Measurements have shown a reduction of background noise by up to 21.4 dB SPL in various museum rooms. The transportable recording chamber is weighing only 7 kg and is therefore ideally suited for sound recordings in museums and other collections. This article describes shortly the making of the chamber and examines its noise reduction levels by means of a series of measurements. Der Artikel geht zunächst auf die Schwierigkeiten ein, die bei Tonaufnahmen archäologischer Klangobjekte in Museumsräumen entstehen können. Um diese möglichst zu reduzieren, wurde eine einfache aber effektive, schallreduzierte Aufnahmekammer entwickelt, die im Rahmen des FWF (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung)-Projektes „Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD\", bei dem Glocken, Schellen, und klingender Trachtschmuck untersucht werden, eingesetzt wird. Der Kasten wurde aus 8 mm dicken Pappelsperrholzplatten zusammengesetzt und mit einer Dämmung Steinwollplatten, Rockfon Facett Plano 20 mm, innen beschichtet. Messungen haben eine Reduzierung der Hintergrundgeräusche um bis zu 21,4 dB SPL in den verschiedenen Museumsräumen, aufgezeigt. Der 7 kg schwere transportable Aufnahmeraum eignet sich daher ideal für Tonaufnahmen in Museen und anderen Sammlungen. Der Artikel beschreibt kurz den Bau der schallreduzierten Aufnahmekammer und prüft ihre schallreduzierende Wirkung durch etliche Messungen.

\"This book aims to show through a series of examples that an interpretative archaeology dealing with past meanings can be applied in practice to archaeological data, and that it can also contribute effectively to modern social practice.\" \"Seven of the nineteen papers included have been specifically written for this volume to act as an overview of the way archaeology has developed over the last ten years. Yet Ian Hodder goes beyond this: he aims to break down the separation of theory and practice and to reconcile the division between the intellectual and the 'dirt' archaeologist. Faced with public controversy over the ownership and interpretation of the past, archaeology ungently needs a clear image of itself, able to gain funding, win public confidence and manage the heritage professionally yet sensitively. This image, however, is often clouded by the theory/practice debate, a division all too often encouraged by the separation of universities and heritage management. Hodder emphasises the importance of finding the right balance. Archaeologists, he asserts, cannot afford to ignore general theory in favour of practice any more than they can afford to shut themselves away in intellectual ivory towers. Theoretical debate is important to any discipline, particularly in archaeology if it is not to become complacent, self-interested and uncritical.\" \"Theory and Practice in Archaeology captures and extends the lively debate of the 1980s over symbolic and structural approaches to archaeology. It will be essential reading for students of archaeology and for those involved in and responsible for heritage management.\"--BOOK JACKET.

Im Fokus des vorliegenden Aufsatzes stehen Feuerstahle, die aus einem zoomorph gestalteten Messinggriff bestehen, an dem ein kohlenstoffreicher Stahl angenietet wurde. Die Messinggriffe derartiger Feuerstahle zeigen vor allem Hunde und Löwen, während Pferde, Hirsche, Ziegen, Hasen, Schlangen und Vögel seltener abgebildet wurden. Dieser Feuerstahltyp wird fälschlicherweise immer wieder in die römische Kaiserzeit datiert. Er ist jedoch ein typisches Produkt der Biedermeierzeit und war besonders in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts in der gesamten Habsburgermonarchie weit verbreitet. The focus of this article lies on fire strikers, consisting of a zoomorphic brass handle, on which a carbon steel has been riveted. The figural brass handles show mainly dogs and lions, while horses, deer, goats, hares, snakes and birds are rarely depicted. Sometimes, this type of fire steel is falsely dated into the Roman imperial period. However, it is a typical product of the Biedermeier Period and was widespread throughout the Habsburg monarchy especially during the first decades of the 19ᵗʰ century.

'Testing the Canon of Ancient Near Eastern Art and Archaeology' invites readers to reconsider the contents and agendas of the art historical and world-culture canons by looking at one of their most historically enduring components : the art and archaeology of the ancient Near East. Ann Shafer, Amy Rebecca Gansell, and other top researchers in the field examine and critique the formation and historical transformation of the ancient Near Eastern canon of art, architecture, and material culture. Contributors flesh out the current boundaries of regional and typological sub-canons, analyze the technologies of canon production (such as museum practices and classroom pedagogies), and voice first-hand heritage perspectives. Each chapter, thereby, critically engages with the historiography behind our approach to the Near East and proposes alternative constructs. Collectively, the essays confront and critique the ancient Near Eastern canon's present configuration and re-imagine its future role in the canon of world art as a whole. This expansive collection of essays covers the Near East's many regions, eras, and types of visual and archaeological materials, offering specific and actionable proposals for its study. 'Testing the Canon of Ancient Near Eastern Art and Archaeology' stands as a vital benchmark and offers a collective path forward for the study and appreciation of Near Eastern cultural heritage. This book acts as a model for similar inquiries across global art historical and archaeological fields and disciplines.

1990 wurde in Hetzmannsdorf durch Zufall eine Hockerbestattung der Glockenbecherkultur entdeckt und geborgen. Als Trachtbestandteile fanden sich kegelförmige Knochenknöpfe. Zwei Gefäße erhielten sich als Grabbeigabe, wobei der Henkeltopf als verschollen galt. In 1990 a burial of the beaker culture was discovered and excavated in Hetzmannsdorf (Lower Austria). Cone-shaped bone buttons were found as part of the costume. Two vessels were given as grave goods. The Henkel pot was considered lost.

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Übergangsphase von der Späthallstattzur Frühlatènezeit. Dabei wird Grab 31 (1982) aus Oberndorf in der Ebene vorgestellt und nach dem Umgang mit der oben genannten Forschungsfrage gefragt. This paper deals with the transition phase from Late Hallstatt to Early La Tène Period. Based on the example of Grave 31 (1982) from Oberndorf in der Ebene the questions surrounding this transition are discussed.

Moravia is the central part of the region between the Danube and Southern Poland, which was settled by the people of the Gravettian Culture in the years 35–24/25 ka cal. BP. The Gravettian was a society of people with a high culture level based on successful animal hunting. This allowed to set aside some of the population from animal hunting and gave time for other activities. There existed a primitive division of labour. The basis for this was undoubtedly a well organized life for the entire society. A certain differentiation of their settlements also came about in Moravia. One can find there not only central settlements with a high living standard and culture but also long-term hunting settlements and short-term hunting stations. The end of the Gravettian Culture was linked with the great climatic change (LGM), which lead to the end of the existing ecosystem and consequently also to the loss of the economic basis. From my point of view, this culture disappeared fairly quickly.

Nowadays, most lost and forgotten cemeteries and burial sites in Vienna are re-discovered by accident during the course of building works. This was the case at the Schottenstift in central Vienna, where in 2002 (during construction work in the courtyard of the monastery) a previously unknown burial site was discovered. The individuals were placed in ten tightly packed layers, suggesting this was a mass grave. At least 388 individuals and a small number of artifacts related to the clothing of the individuals were recovered, but the origin and date of the burial site remained unclear due to the lack of written sources. Thus, in 2017 an interdisciplinary project of the Austrian Archaeological Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Natural History Museum of Vienna (Anthropological Department), as well as the Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, and the Schottenstift Archive began, focusing on the reappraisal of the mass grave. In order to clarify the origin of the burial site, the project combined historical and archaeological research as well as modern bioarchaeological methods. Because the historical and archaeological analyses are still largely pending, this paper presents the results of the anthropological examination of a selected sample of 100 individuals. The analysis revealed that predominantly males and infants were present, all of which show skeletal evidence of poor health and living conditions. The lack of perimortem trauma, indicating an act of warfare or violence, suggests that an epidemic plague is the most reasonable cause for this mass interment. Although there is no direct written source within the Schottenstift Archive, the mass grave may be linked to the Great Plague of Vienna in 1678, confirmed with radiocarbon of skeletal and archaeological remains between 1650 and 1725 AD. Despite the limited sample size, the anthropological research within this project has enabled new insights in the socio-cultural background and the evolution of disease of the Early Modern Period, contributing to the urban development of Vienna, as it is known today. Obwohl die Geschichte der Stadt Wien durch eine Vielzahl historischer Quellen und umfangreicher Forschung belegt ist, kommen vor allem durch Bauprojekte immer wieder archäologische Fundstellen zu Tage, deren Existenz und Hintergründe oftmals in Vergessenheit geraten sind. Ein derartiges Beispiel stellt das Wiener Schottenstift dar. Bereits im Jahr 2002 wurde während Bauarbeiten zur Anlage eines Kollektorgangs im Hofe des Klosters ein Massengrab angeschnitten, dessen Bergung die menschlichen Überreste von mindestens 388 Individuen zum Vorschein brachte. Aufgrund fehlender schriftlicher Quellen, blieben jedoch die Umstände der Massenbestattung weitgehend unbekannt. Diesem Rätsel sollte erst im Jahr 2017 mithilfe moderner naturwissenschaftlich-bioarchäologischer Forschungsmethoden und im Rahmen eines, durch die Stadt Wien geförderten, Projekts in Kooperation zwischen dem Österreichischem Archäologischen Institut (ÖAI), der Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, der Anthropologischen Abteilung des Naturhistorischen Museums und dem Archiv des Schottenstiftsauf den Grund gegangen werden. Die Ergebnisse der anthropologischen Untersuchung der Skelettüberreste ergaben eine hohe Präsenz von Männern und Kleinkindern. Zudem fanden sich an Knochen und Zähnen vermehrt Anzeichen chronischer Mangelernährung sowie allgemein schlechter Umwelt- und Lebensbedingungen. Die unübliche Lage innerhalb der Stadtmauern und direkt auf Klosterareal, sowie die hohe Anzahl der Toten deuten auf ein zeitlich begrenztes Ereignis als Ursache hin. Aufgrund fehlender Gewaltspuren, die auf ein kriegerisches Ereignis deuten würden, erscheinen Seuchen und Epidemien als wahrscheinlichster Grund für eine solche Massenbestattung. Obwohl diesbezüglich keine direkten Schriftquellen im Archiv des Schottenstifts gefunden wurden, liegt unter Anbetracht der Datierung der Funde zwischen 1650 und 1725 n. Chr., die Vermutung nahe, dass es sich um ein Massengrab im Zuge der großen Pest von 1678 handelt. Die Ergebnisse der anthropologischen Untersuchung liefern, trotz eingeschränkter Stichprobengröße, nicht nur wichtige Erkenntnisse über die gesundheitliche Situation der damaligen Wiener Bevölkerung, sondern leisten auch einen Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion der historischen Stadtentwicklung.

Neanderthals and Denisovans are extinct groups of hominins that separated from each other more than 390,000 years ago 1 , 2 . Here we present the genome of ‘Denisova 11’, a bone fragment from Denisova Cave (Russia) 3 and show that it comes from an individual who had a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. The father, whose genome bears traces of Neanderthal ancestry, came from a population related to a later Denisovan found in the cave 4 – 6 . The mother came from a population more closely related to Neanderthals who lived later in Europe 2 , 7 than to an earlier Neanderthal found in Denisova Cave 8 , suggesting that migrations of Neanderthals between eastern and western Eurasia occurred sometime after 120,000 years ago. The finding of a first-generation Neanderthal–Denisovan offspring among the small number of archaic specimens sequenced to date suggests that mixing between Late Pleistocene hominin groups was common when they met. Genomic evidence of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father suggests that mixing among different hominin groups may have more been frequent than previously appreciated.