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"Architecture and energy conservation."
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Energy Efficiency Solutions for Historic Buildings
This handbook holistically summarises the principles for the energy retrofitting of historic buildings, from the first diagnosis to the adequately designed intervention: preservation of the historic structure, user comfort, and energy efficiency. The content was developed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The wide range of different expertise, design examples, calculations, and measuring results from eight case studies makes this manual an indispensable tool for all architects, engineers, and energy consultants.
eBook
Form Follows Energy
Architektur ist Energie. Architektonische Entwürfe entscheiden oft für Jahrzehnte und manchmal Jahrhunderte über den damit verbundenen Energie- und Materialverbrauch. Form Follows Energy analysiert das Verhältnis zwischen Energieströmen und der Form unserer gebauten Umwelt. Es untersucht die Optimierung der Energieflüsse in Architektur und Städtebau und ermittelt daraus neue Ansätze. Die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Architektur und Energie werden in Fallstudien veranschaulicht. Handgezeichnete Diagramme zeigen auf, wie Energieplanungsstrategien genutzt werden können, um maximale Energieeffizienz zu erzielen. Der Autor greift in seiner Darstellung auf fast 30 Jahre Praxis, Lehre und Forschung zurück und stellt ein komplexes Thema für Architekten und Bauingenieure leicht verständlich dar.
Architecture is energy. Lines drawn on paper to represent architectural intentions also imply decades and sometimes centuries of associated energy and material flows. Form Follows Energy is about the relationship between energy and the form of our built environment. It examines the optimisation of energy flows in building and urban design and the implications for form and configuration. It speaks to both architectural and engineering audiences and offers for the first time a truly interdisciplinary overview on the subject, explaining the complex relationships between energy and architecture in an easy to follow manner and using simple diagrams to show how energy design strategies can be used to maximize the energy performance of our built environment, while at the same time leading to new aesthetic qualities and radically new forms in architecture and urban design. Case studies are used to illustrate the theory. The books philosophy is based on the guiding principles underlying nearly 30 years work in practice, research and teaching. It is relatively easy to make something simple seem complicated. To make a complex topic seem simple and easily understandable is far more of a challenge and this is the aim of this book.
eBook
Integrating Smart Energy Management System with Internet of Things and Cloud Computing for Efficient Demand Side Management in Smart Grids
The increasing price of and demand for energy have prompted several organizations to develop intelligent strategies for energy tracking, control, and conservation. Demand side management is a critical strategy for averting substantial supply disruptions and improving energy efficiency. A vital part of demand side management is a smart energy management system that can aid in cutting expenditures while still satisfying energy needs; produce customers’ energy consumption patterns; and react to energy-saving algorithms and directives. The Internet of Things is an emerging technology that can be employed to effectively manage energy usage in industrial, commercial, and residential sectors in the smart environment. This paper presents a smart energy management system for smart environments that integrates the Energy Controller and IoT middleware module for efficient demand side management. Each device is connected to an energy controller, which is the inculcation of numerous sensors and actuators with an IoT object, collects the data of energy consumption from each smart device through various time-slots that are designed to optimize the energy consumption of air conditioning systems based on ambient temperature conditions and operational dynamics of buildings and then communicate it to a centralized middleware module (cloud server) for management, processing, and further analysis. Since air conditioning systems contribute more than 50% of the electricity consumption in Pakistan, for validation of the proposed system, the air conditioning units have been taken as a proof of concept. The presented approach offers several advantages over traditional controllers by leveraging real-time monitoring, advanced algorithms, and user-friendly interfaces. The evaluation process involves comparing electricity consumption before and after the installation of the SEMS. The proposed system is tested and implemented in four buildings. The results demonstrate significant energy savings ranging from 15% to 49% and highlight the significant benefits of the system. The smart energy management system offers real-time monitoring, better control over the air conditioning systems, cost savings, environmental benefits, and longer equipment life. The ultimate goal is to provide a practical solution for reducing energy consumption in buildings, which can contribute to sustainable and efficient use of energy resources and goes beyond simpler controllers to address the specific needs of energy management in buildings.
Journal Article
Structural Engineering in Sn-Doped WOsub.3 Multi-Phase Systems for Enhanced Transparent Heat Insulation
Building energy conservation through the development of transparent thermal insulation materials that selectively block near-infrared radiation while maintaining visible light transmittance has emerged as a key strategy for global carbon neutrality. WO[sub.3] is a semiconductor oxide with near-infrared absorption capabilities. However, the limited absorption efficiency and narrow spectral coverage of pure WO[sub.3] significantly diminish its overall transparent thermal insulation performance, thereby restricting its practical application in energy-saving glass. Therefore, this study successfully prepared Sn-doped WO[sub.3] materials using a one-step hydrothermal method, controlling the Sn:W molar ratio from 0.1:1 to 2.0:1. Through evaluation of transparent thermal insulation performance of a series of Sn-doped WO[sub.3] samples, we found that Sn:W = 0.9:1 exhibited the most excellent performance, with NIR shielding efficiency reaching 93.9%, which was 1.84 times higher than pure WO[sub.3]. Moreover, this sample demonstrated a transparent thermal insulation index (THI) of 4.38, representing increases of 184% and 317%, respectively, compared to pure WO[sub.3]. These enhancements highlight the strong NIR absorption capability achieved by Sn-doped WO[sub.3] through structural regulation. When Sn doping reaches a certain concentration, it triggers a structural transformation of WO[sub.3] from monoclinic to tetragonal phase. After reaching the critical solubility threshold, phase separation occurs, forming a multiphase structure composed of a Sn-doped WO[sub.3] matrix and secondary SnO[sub.2] and WSn[sub.0.33]O[sub.3] phases, which synergistically enhance oxygen vacancy formation and W[sup.6+] to W[sup.5+] reduction, achieving excellent NIR absorption through small polaron hopping and localized surface plasmon resonance effects. This study provides important insights for developing high-performance transparent thermal insulation materials for energy-efficient buildings.
Journal Article
A Review of Energy Efficiency Interventions in Public Buildings
This research provides a comprehensive exploration of energy efficiency dynamics in non-residential public buildings such as schools, swimming pools, hospitals, and museums. Recognizing the distinct energy consumption patterns of each building type, the study accentuates the unique challenges they present, with a particular focus on the continuous and intensive energy demands of hospitals and the unparalleled energy needs of swimming pools. Through an extensive review of various case studies, the research unveils prevailing energy consumption trends, highlighting the role of metrics in assessing energy efficiency and the inherent challenges these metrics face in ensuring uniformity and direct comparability. A core element of this analysis emphasizes the dual nature of technical retrofitting, categorizing interventions into passive and active measures. The research delves into the sustainability imperatives of energy interventions, exploring the economic motivations underpinning retrofit decisions, and the intricate relationship between advanced technological solutions and the behavioral tendencies of building operators and users. Additionally, the study uncovers the influence of external determinants such as climatic factors and government policies in shaping energy consumption in public buildings. In synthesizing these findings, the paper offers insightful recommendations, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach that harmonizes technological innovations with informed operational habits, aiming to optimize energy efficiency in public non-residential buildings.
Journal Article