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Ethics of Medical Archival Internet Research Data
Medical research based on internet archive data, which in some ways is quite different from other data-based studies, is becoming more and more common. Despite its uniqueness and the challenges that characterize it, clear ethical rules designed to guide practitioners in this field have not yet been written. This article points to the lacuna that exists in legal and ethical texts today and offers an ethically balancing alternative. Among other features, the balance is based on the famous three laws of robotics by Asimov and a series of values, including transparency, accountability, fairness, and privacy.
Journal Article
Table of Content Vol 46, No 1 (2025)
This Table of Contents reflects the print compilation of peer-reviewed articles published in the journal. Each article listed was originally published online under the journal’s open access model and remains individually accessible and citable. This compilation has been created solely for print distribution, reference, and archival purposes. No new research content is introduced. The publisher affirms that all articles included in this compilation have undergone the journal’s standard editorial and peer-review processes.
Journal Article
Table of Contents Vol 13 No 1 (2025)
This Table of Contents reflects the print compilation of peer-reviewed articles published in the journal. Each article listed was originally published online under the journal’s open access model and remains individually accessible and citable. This compilation has been created solely for print distribution, reference, and archival purposes. No new research content is introduced. The publisher affirms that all articles included in this compilation have undergone the journal’s standard editorial and peer-review processes.
Journal Article
Ethical Considerations for Qualitative Research Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Emergency Situations: Navigating the Virtual Field
Qualitative research is integral to the pandemic response. Qualitative methods are ideally suited to generating evidence to inform tailored, culturally appropriate approaches to COVID-19, and to meaningfully engaging diverse individuals and communities in response to the pandemic. In this paper, we discuss core ethical and methodological considerations in the design and implementation of qualitative research in the COVID-19 era, and in pivoting to virtual methods—online interviews and focus groups; internet-based archival research and netnography, including social media; participatory video methods, including photo elicitation and digital storytelling; collaborative autoethnography; and community-based participatory research. We identify, describe, and critically evaluate measures to address core ethical challenges around informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, compensation, online access to research participation, and access to resources during a pandemic. Online methods need not be considered unilaterally riskier than in-person data collection; however, they are clearly not the same as in-person engagement and require thoughtful, reflexive, and deliberative approaches in order to identify and mitigate potential and dynamically evolving risks. Ensuring the ethical conduct of research with marginalized and vulnerable populations is foundational to building evidence and developing culturally competent and structurally informed approaches to promote equity, health, and well-being during and after the pandemic. Our analysis offers methodological, ethical, and practical guidance in the COVID-19 pandemic and considerations for research conducted amid future pandemics and emergency situations.
Journal Article
Towards the Source. on the Importance of Archives in the Practice of Contemporary Humanities
The article focuses on the importance of archival research, especially conducted in Polish and emigration institutions, and its impact on the quality of literary studies. What are the effects of a literary scholar’s work in the archive when it is carried out diligently? Undoubtedly, thanks to the archival foundation obtained through in-depth thematic queries, there is a real chance of reaching not only lesser-known cultural phenomena (including literary ones), previously insufficiently described or entirely new, but also arriving at real (not merely presumed) findings based on difficult-to-challenge evidence, ego-documents, and artifacts. Frequently, such findings contradict well-established and firmly circulated stereotypes of cultural reception. Moreover, source collections enable the creative development of the case-study technique, with the assumption that specific cases and contextual discussions of issues or themes contribute to building a more comprehensive account of research findings, leading to a panoramic view and perhaps even synthesis. No critical biography or monograph can be fully valuable – that is, grounded in a solid source-based and genetic reflection – if the researcher does not draw on authorial or institutional collections of ego-documents, autographs, and other accompanying iconographic materials.
Journal Article
Women and the History of International Thought
Existing surveys and anthologies wrongly convey the impression that women in the past did not think seriously about international politics. This article provides evidence of the magnitude of the exclusion of historical women from the field by analyzing sixty texts in the history of international thought and disciplinary history. It also begins the process of remedying this exclusion. I map a new agenda for research on the history of women’s international thought. Work in feminist historiography, as well as new archival research, suggests that a diverse array of historical women thought deeply about international relations, but their intellectual contributions have been obscured—and even actively erased. To illustrate what international studies can gain by pursuing a research agenda on historical women’s international thought, I discuss a neglected, but at the time extremely important figure, in what might be called “white women’s international relations,” the influential scholar of colonial administration, Lucy Philip Mair.
Journal Article
Do Individual Auditors Affect Audit Quality? Evidence from Archival Data
We examine whether and how individual auditors affect audit outcomes using a large set of archival Chinese data. We analyze approximately 800 individual auditors and find that they exhibit significant variation in audit quality. The effects that individual auditors have on audit quality are both economically and statistically significant, and are pronounced in both large and small audit firms. We also find that the individual auditor effects on audit quality can be partially explained by auditor characteristics, such as educational background, Big N audit firm experience, rank in the audit firm, and political affiliation. Our findings highlight the importance of scrutinizing and understanding audit quality at the individual auditor level.
Journal Article
Opposition at the Margins: Strategies against the Erosion of Democracy in Colombia and Venezuela
This article argues that the goals and strategies the opposition uses against presidents with hegemonic aspirations are critical to understand why some leaders successfully erode democracy, while others fail. Using interviews and archival research, I trace the dynamics of erosion in
Alvaro Uribe's (Colombia) and Hugo Chávez's (Venezuela) administrations. I show that during the first years of these governments, the opposition in both countries had some institutional leverage. The Colombian opposition used that leverage. It resorted to institutional and moderate
extra-institutional strategies, which protected its institutional resources and allowed it to eventually stop Uribe's second reelection reform. The Venezuelan opposition forsook that leverage and chose radical extra-institutional strategies instead. The latter cost it the institutional resources
it had and helped Chávez advance more radical reforms.
Journal Article
“So how do we balance all of these needs?”: how the concept of AI technology impacts digital archival expertise
PurposeThis study aims to explore the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in archival practice by presenting the thoughts and opinions of working archival practitioners. It contributes to the extant literature with a fresh perspective, expanding the discussion on AI adoption by investigating how it influences the perceptions of digital archival expertise.Design/methodology/approachIn this study a two-phase data collection consisting of four online focus groups was held to gather the opinions of international archives and digital preservation professionals (n = 16), that participated on a volunteer basis. The qualitative analysis of the transcripts was performed using template analysis, a style of thematic analysis.FindingsFour main themes were identified: fitting AI into day to day practice; the responsible use of (AI) technology; managing expectations (about AI adoption) and bias associated with the use of AI. The analysis suggests that AI adoption combined with hindsight about digitisation as a disruptive technology might provide archival practitioners with a framework for re-defining, advocating and outlining digital archival expertise.Research limitations/implicationsThe volunteer basis of this study meant that the sample was not representative or generalisable.Originality/valueAlthough the results of this research are not generalisable, they shed light on the challenges prospected by the implementation of AI in the archives and for the digital curation professionals dealing with this change. The evolution of the characterisation of digital archival expertise is a topic reserved for future research.
Journal Article