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"Argentina Politics and government 1955-"
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The State of Democracy in Latin America
The State of Democracy in Latin America presents a critical analysis of the contemporary democratic state in Latin America. In a shift away from the more typical analyses of Latin American political change during the 1990s, this book presents a more state-centric perspective that seeks to explain why transitions to democracy and trends towards better governance have failed to provide more political and social stability in the continent. Through a deeper analysis of underlying social relations and values and how these manifest themselves through institutions, the state is understood not purely as an institutional form but rather as a set of interdependent relations that are shaped by particular collective and individual interests.
Laura Tedesco is a political scientist who specialises in state reform, democratisation, the political class, and the economics and politics of contemporary Latin America. Her previous publications include Democracy in Argentina. Hope and Disillusion (London: Frank Cass, 1999) and several articles on contemporary politics in Latin America. She teaches politics at the School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia. Jonathan R. Barton is a Lecturer in the School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, UK. He works on both issues of Latin American political economy as well as environmental politics and policy. He has written the book A Political Geography of Latin America (Routledge, 1997) as well as articles and book chapters on the Chilean transition.
1. Conceptualising the State 2. Perspectives on the Latin American State 3. The Unfolding of Argentina's Political Collapse and Social Decay 4. In Search of the Post-transitional Chilean State 5. Reflections on the Contemporary Latin American State
'The State of Democracy in Latin America is an ambitious work that should be widely discussed for the implications of its central arguements concerning the contradiction between the egalitarian promise of democracy and the neoliberal state.'
-Latin American Studies, Volume 38-2006
'I for one, am thankful for a book that forcefully places a socio-economic egalitarianism at the centre of debates over democracy with rich implications for theories of the state.' -Eduardo Silva, University of Missouri- St Louis
eBook
Dignifying Argentina
During the mid-twentieth century, Latin American countries witnessed unprecedented struggles over the terms of national sovereignty, civic participation, and social justice. Nowhere was this more visible than in Peronist Argentina (1946-1955), where Juan and Eva Perón led the region's largest populist movement in pursuit of new political hopes and material desires. Eduardo Elena considers this transformative moment from a fresh perspective by exploring the intersection of populism and mass consumption. He argues that Peronist actors redefined national citizenship around expansive promises of a vida digna (dignified life), which encompassed not only the satisfaction of basic wants, but also the integration of working Argentines into a modern consumer society. From the mid-1940s onward, the state moved to boost purchasing power and impose discipline on the marketplace, all while broadcasting images of a contented populace.Drawing on documents such as the correspondence between Peronist sympathizers and authorities, Elena sheds light on the contest over the dignified life. He shows how the consumer aspirations of citizens overlapped with Peronist paradigms of state-led development, but not without generating great friction among allies and opposition from diverse sectors of society. Consumer practices encouraged intense public scrutiny of class and gender comportment, and everyday objects became freighted with new cultural meaning. By providing important insights on why Peronism struck such a powerful chord,Dignifying Argentinasituates Latin America within the broader history of citizenship and consumption at mid-century, and provides innovative ways to understand the politics of redistribution in the region today.
eBook
Transformations and Crisis of Liberalism in Argentina, 1930–1955
In this original study, Jorge A. Nállim chronicles the decline of liberalism in Argentina during the volatile period between two military coups-the 1930 overthrow ofHipólito Yrigoyen and the deposing of Juan Perón in 1955. While historians have primarily focused on liberalism in economic or political contexts, Nállim instead documents a wide range of locations where liberalism was claimed and ultimately marginalized in the pursuit of individual agendas.Nállim shows how concepts of liberalism were espoused by various groups who \"invented traditions\" to legitimatize their methods of political, religious, class, intellectual, or cultural hegemony. In these deeply fractured and corrupt processes, liberalism lost political favor and alienated the public. These events also set the table for Peronism and stifled the future of progressive liberalism in Argentina.Nállim describes the main political parties of the period and deconstructs their liberal discourses. He also examines major cultural institutions and shows how each attached liberalism to their cause.Nállim compares and contrasts the events in Argentina to those in other Latin American nations and reveals their links to international developments. While critics have positioned the rhetoric of liberalism during this period as one of decadence or irrelevance, Nállim instead shows it to be a vital and complex factor in the metamorphosis of modern history in Argentina and Latin America as well.
eBook
The Reappeared
Between 1976 and 1983, during a period of brutal military dictatorship, armed forces in Argentina abducted 30,000 citizens. These victims were tortured and killed, never to be seen again. Although the history oflos desaparecidos, \"the disappeared,\" has become widely known, the stories of the Argentines who miraculously survived their imprisonment and torture are not well understood.The Reappearedis the first in-depth study of an officially sanctioned group of Argentine former political prisoners, the Association of Former Political Prisoners of Córdoba, which organized in 2007.
Using ethnographic methods, anthropologist Rebekah Park explains the experiences of these survivors of state terrorism and in the process raises challenging questions about how societies define victimhood, what should count as a human rights abuse, and what purpose memorial museums actually serve. The men and women who reappeared were often ostracized by those who thought they must have been collaborators to have survived imprisonment, but their actual stories are much more complex. Park explains why the political prisoners waited nearly three decades before forming their own organization and offers rare insights into what motivates them to recall their memories of solidarity and resistance during the dictatorial past, even as they suffer from the long-term effects of torture and imprisonment.
The Reappearedchallenges readers to rethink the judicial and legislative aftermath of genocide and forces them to consider how much reparation is actually needed to compensate for unimaginable-and lifelong-suffering.
eBook
The Politics of the Past in an Argentine Working-Class Neighbourhood
DuBois traces how state repression and community militancy are remembered in a neighborhood in Buenos Aires and how the tangled and ambiguous legacies of the past continued to shape ordinary people's lives years after the collapse of the military regime.
eBook
A lexicon of terror : Argentina and the legacies of torture
In A Lexicon of Terror, Marguerite Feitlowitz fully exposes the nightmare of sadism, paranoia, and deception the military dictatorship unleashed on the Argentine people during the Dirty War, a nightmare that would claim over 30,000 civilians from 1976 to 1983. Feitlowitz explores the perversion of language under state terrorism, both as it's used to conceal and confuse and to domesticate torture and murder. Based on six years of research and moving interviews with peasants, intellectuals, activists, and bystanders, A Lexicon of Terror examines the full impact of this catastrophic period from its inception to the present, in which former torturers, having been pardoned and released from prison, live side by side with those they tortured. Passionately written and impossible to put down, A Lexicon of Terror shows us both the horror of the war and the heroism of those who resisted and survived.
eBook
La \otra multitud\. Las movilizaciones antiperonistas durante la \Libertadora\
En el momento más crítico del enfrentamiento entre peronistas y antiperonistas, luego del triunfo militar de la autodenominada \"Revolución Libertadora\", en setiembre de 1955, grupos civiles antiperonistas ganaron las calles de Buenos Aires, de Córdoba y de las ciudades grandes y pequeñas del país al grito de libertad y cantando el himno nacional. Este fue sólo el comienzo de los festejos que culminaron en el \"día de la libertad\", cuando asumió el presidente del gobierno de facto. El trabajo explora en la cultura política antiperonista, analizando la existencia de \"esa otra multitud\" antagónica a la cultura popular del peronismo, a través del examen de las movilizaciones de apoyo al gobierno de la \"Revolución Libertadora\". Entre ellas se seleccionan, en primer lugar, la del 23 de setiembre de 1955, luego, la de reafirmación de la adhesión a sus principios, tras los fusilamientos de junio de 1956, para finalmente centrarse en los festejos de las fechas patrias, que serán revalorizados por el segundo gobierno \"libertador\" como fiestas de reencuentro con la tradición nacional. Estas manifestaciones que se colocaron por encima de las identidades político-partidarias permiten una aproximación a los valores de la cultura antiperonista. /// At the highest peak of confrontation between Peronist and their opponents, after the military victory of the so-called 'Revolución Libertadora' in September 1955, groups of antiperonists civilians marched through the streets of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and other large and small cities of Argentina at the cry of Liberty, and singing the National Anthem. This was only the beginning of the celebrations that concluded with the 'Día de la Libertad', when the first revolutionary President took office. The annalists of Peronism have stressed the popular character of the movement, giving great importance to the action of the crowd. This paper explores the Antiperonist political culture, studying the 'other crowd', opposed to the popular culture of Peronism. This is done through the study of the spontaneous and organized mobilizations in support of the 'Revolución Libertadora'. We have concentrated on the march of 23rd September 1955 and the reaffirmation of support to its principles in June 1956, after the execution of Peronist rebels. Finally, the paper studies the celebrations of the National Feasts, that where taken by the second revolutionary administration as occasions for the recovery of the national tradition. These expressions, intended above party identities, offer an insight to the values of the Antiperonist culture.
Journal Article