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We aimed to evaluate macrophages heterogeneity and structural, functional and inflammatory alterations in rat kidney by aldosterone + salt administration. The effects of treatment with spironolactone on above parameters were also analyzed. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1 mgkg-1d-1) + 1% NaCl for 3 weeks. Half of the animals were treated with spironolactone (200 mg kg-1d-1). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated (p<0.05) in aldosterone + salt-treated rats. Relative kidney weight, collagen content, fibronectin, macrophage infiltrate, CTGF, Col I, MMP2, TNF- alpha , CD68, Arg2, and SGK-1 were increased (p<0.05) in aldosterone + salt-treated rats, being reduced by spironolactone (p<0.05). Increased iNOS and IFN- gamma mRNA gene expression (M1 macrophage markers) was observed in aldosterone + salt rats, whereas no significant differences were observed in IL-10 and gene ArgI mRNA expression or ED2 protein content (M2 macrophage markers). All the observed changes were blocked with spironolactone treatment. Macrophage depletion with liposomal clodronate reduced macrophage influx and inflammatory M1 markers (INF- gamma or iNOS), whereas interstitial fibrosis was only partially reduced after this intervention, in aldosterone plus salt-treated rats. In conclusion, aldosterone + salt administration mediates inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype and increased fibrosis throughout mineralocorticoid receptors activation.

The latest generation of virtual and mixed reality hardware has rekindled interest in virtual reality GIS (VRGIS) and augmented reality GIS (ARGIS) applications in health, and opened up new and exciting opportunities and possibilities for using these technologies in the personal and public health arenas. From smart urban planning and emergency training to Pokémon Go, this article offers a snapshot of some of the most remarkable VRGIS and ARGIS solutions for tackling public and environmental health problems, and bringing about safer and healthier living options to individuals and communities. The article also covers the main technical foundations and issues underpinning these solutions.

Fumaric acid (FA) is an important raw material in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered for the production of FA. The fumA, fumB, fumC, and frdABCD genes were deleted to cut off the downstream pathway of FA. In addition, the iclR and arcA genes were also deleted to activate the glyoxylate shunt and to reinforce the oxidative Krebs cycle. To increase the FA yield, this base strain was further engineered to be pulled in the urea cycle by overexpressing the native carAB, argI, and heterologous rocF genes. The metabolites and the proteins of the Krebs cycle and the urea cycle were analyzed to confirm that the induced urea cycle improved the FA accumulation. With the induced urea cycle, the resulting strain ABCDIA-RAC was able to produce 11.38 mmol/L of FA from 83.33 mmol/L of glucose in a flask culture during 24 h of incubation.

Two decapodid stages of the shrimp Argis lar (family Crangonidae) from the plankton off Kronotsky Gulf, northwestern Pacific, eastern Kamchatka, are described. The available larvae were morphologically compared with decapodids of other species of this family with a shortened development. The first and second decapodid stages are similar in size and structural features of the pleon, carapace, antennae, mandibles, maxillae, pereiopods, and pleopods. The morphology of the telson, maxillipeds, and antennules in the first and second decapodid stages of A. lar differ significantly. At the second decapodid stage, the posterior median spine shifted towards the middle of the carapace. The number of antennular and maxilliped endopod segments increased. The epipod appeared in the third maxilliped. The shape of the telson changed. The terminal spines in the telson disappeared, and the relative length of the angular setae decreased. Kuro shrimp are suggested to have three to five larval stages.

We determined the vitamin B12 content in both the muscles and head innards of various shrimp species [Argis lar (Owen, 1839); Togezako shrimp, Argis toyamaensis (Yokoya, 1933); Pandalopsis japonica, Balss, 1914; Pandalus eous Makarov, 1935] using a microbiological assay based on Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC7830. Approximately 2–4 µg vitamin B12/100 g wet weight—a considerable amount—was detected in shrimp muscles. The shrimp head innards contained significantly higher levels of vitamin B12 (~ 12–33 µg/100 g wet weight). Commercially available shrimp-innard products contained ~ 30 µg vitamin B12/100 g wet weight. We purified vitamin B12 compounds from the extracts of shrimp muscles and head innards using an immunoaffinity column. The muscle extract contained only one corrinoid compound, which was identified as vitamin B12 using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, whereas the shrimp head innards contained three corrinoid compounds, which included large amounts of vitamin B12 and two smaller amounts of vitamin B12-d-monocarboxylic acid and tentatively identified vitamin B12 dicarboxylic acids.

Argis lar and A. hozawai are commercially important deep-sea crangonid shrimps of closely similar morphology. A previous study described three morphological characters to distinguish A. lar and A. hozawai was based on comparison of specimens of different size, raising the possibility that these characters are features of intraspecific differences related to body size. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA fragments encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were sequenced in order to reassess the morphological criteria purported to separate A. lar and A. hozawai, based on specimens collected under a synchronous and sympatric sampling design. Two distinct clades were detected (p-distance 7.72%) supported by high bootstrap values, which completely correspond to A. lar and A. hozawai identified by morphological characters. Accordingly, A. lar and A. hozawai should be treated as two distinct species for appropriate fisheries management.

Argis lar and A. hozawai are commercially important deep-sea crangonid shrimps of closely similar morphology. A previous study described three morphological characters to distinguish A. lar and A. hozawai was based on comparison of specimens of different size, raising the possibility that these characters are features of intraspecific differences related to body size. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA fragments encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were sequenced in order to reassess the morphological criteria purported to separate A. lar and A. hozawai, based on specimens collected under a synchronous and sympatric sampling design. Two distinct clades were detected (p-distance 7.72%) supported by high bootstrap values, which completely correspond to A. lar and A. hozawai identified by morphological characters. Accordingly, A. lar and A. hozawai should be treated as two distinct species for appropriate fisheries management.

Fil: Spetter, Carla Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina

How can official survey data be prepared for virtual worlds? For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), these steps can still be very time-consuming. This article is vital for these companies, since its aim is to create a practical open source solution for everyday work based on up-to-date research. Developing integrated Virtual Reality applications for geographic information systems VRGIS today, we are facing following problems: georeferenced data are currently available in many different data formats. Often there is a lack of common standards, user-friendliness and possibilities for process automation, just as the correct georeferencing in virtual worlds is an open field. It is shown that open source platforms can offer very interesting, practical and economical solutions. Following the method of structured and focused comparison according to George and Bennett, fourteen current software solutions are presented as examples. The applications can be classified according to the taxonomy of Anthes et al., with regard to output devices and software development. A comprehensive networking matrix for applied interactive technologies will be introduced for SME partner searches in related software developments. The evaluation criteria of integration capability, operability without programming knowledge and cost-effectiveness allow for a subsequent discussion and evaluation. Finally, this paper presents a simple proprietary and open-source software solution for small and medium-sized enterprises. Map illustrations and methods for georeferencing are explained. Exemplary digital products and data formats are presented at the Landesamt für Digitalisierung, Breitband und Vermessung (LDBV) in Bavaria.

P208; 针对当前便携式位姿传感器获取的户外6DOF绝对位姿精度通常不足,致使基于位姿传感器的户外AR地理配准精度不高,提出了一种以2D地图作为参考数据进行户外视觉辅助定位进而提高ARGIS系统地理配准精度的方法和技术框架.在位姿传感器获取初始位姿的基础上,详细阐述了基于2D地图进行图像位姿优化和辅助校正的基本原理;并通过试验验证了该方法可以对位姿传感器获取的初始位姿进行优化,进而提高户外AR地理配准精度的有效性.