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Revised Lithostratigraphy of the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic) in the Southern Part of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona
Recent revisions to the Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park have presented a three-part lithostratigraphic model based on unconventional correlations of sandstone beds. As a vertebrate faunal transition is recorded within this stratigraphic interval, these correlations, and the purported existence of a depositional hiatus (the Tr-4 unconformity) at about the same level, must be carefully re-examined.
Our investigations demonstrate the neglected necessity of walking out contacts and mapping when constructing lithostratigraphic models, and providing UTM coordinates and labeled photographs for all measured sections. We correct correlation errors within the Sonsela Member, demonstrate that there are multiple Flattops One sandstones, all of which are higher than the traditional Sonsela sandstone bed, that the Sonsela sandstone bed and Rainbow Forest Bed are equivalent, that the Rainbow Forest Bed is higher than the sandstones at the base of Blue Mesa and Agate Mesa, that strata formerly assigned to the Jim Camp Wash beds occur at two stratigraphic levels, and that there are multiple persistent silcrete horizons within the Sonsela Member.
We present a revised five-part model for the Sonsela Member. The units from lowest to highest are: the Camp Butte beds, Lot's Wife beds, Jasper Forest bed (the Sonsela sandstone)/Rainbow Forest Bed, Jim Camp Wash beds, and Martha's Butte beds (including the Flattops One sandstones). Although there are numerous degradational/aggradational cycles within the Chinle Formation, a single unconformable horizon within or at the base of the Sonsela Member that can be traced across the entire western United States (the \"Tr-4 unconformity\") probably does not exist. The shift from relatively humid and poorly-drained to arid and well-drained climatic conditions began during deposition of the Sonsela Member (low in the Jim Camp Wash beds), well after the Carnian-Norian transition.
Journal Article
Southwest USA
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Book
Correctional Education: Getting the Data We Need
A significant issue in correctional education is the lack of policy-relevant data comparable across states. This article describes an effort to address this issue: the Correctional Education Data Guidebook and website and the two research projects that led to their development. Analyzing results from two national surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice, we found significant limitations in the data, particularly with respect to their relevance to policy making. We then conducted a feasibility study with correctional education administrators in eight states to see if common definitions and programming instructions could be formulated for use with existing state data, so that data could be aggregat ed across states to achieve a fuller picture of correctional education nationally. Based on this research, we collaborated with 12 states and several federal agencies to create the Correctional Education Data Guidebook and website (www.cedatanetwork.org) to enable state correctional education administrators to gather and analyze comparable data across states.
Journal Article
Building an urban forest from scratch
The Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, AZ, will serve as a model in a Cool Communities program which studies the effect of trees and light colored building surfaces on temperature and air-conditioning costs. The pilot project involves mass planting of trees in a treeless section of the base.
Magazine Article