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"Armed Forces -- Demobilization"
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Violence in Post-Conflict Societies
This book compares post-civil war societies to look at the presence or absence of organized violence, analysing why some ex-combatants return to organised violence and others do not.
Even though former fighters have been identified as a major source of insecurity, there have been few efforts to systematically examine why some ex-combatants re-engage in organized violence, while others do not. This book compares the presence or absence of organized violence in different ex-combatant communities - former fighters that used to belong to the same armed faction and who share a common, horizontal identity based on shared war-and peacetime experiences - in the Republic of Congo (ex-Cobras, Cocoyes and Ninjas) and Sierra Leone (ex-Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Civil Defense Force and Revolutionary United Front). The main determinants of ex-combatant violence are whether former fighters have access to elites and to second-tier individuals - such as former mid-level commanders - who can act as intermediaries between the two. By utilizing relationships based on selective incentives and social networks, these two kinds of remobilizers are able to generate the needed enticements and feelings of affinity, trust or fear to convince ex-combatants to resort to arms. These findings demonstrate that the outbreak of ex-combatant violence can only be understood by more clearly incorporating an actor perspective, focusing on three levels of analysis: the elite, midlevel and grass-root.
This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding, civil wars, post-conflict reconstruction, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR.
eBook
Demilitarization in the Contemporary World
Contemporary world history has highlighted militarization in many
ways, from the global Cold War and numerous regional conflicts to
the general assumption that nationhood implies a significant and
growing military. Yet the twentieth century also offers notable
examples of large-scale demilitarization, both imposed and
voluntary. Demilitarization in the Contemporary World
fills a key gap in current historical understanding by examining
demilitarization programs in Germany, Japan, Honduras, Guatemala,
El Salvador, and Costa Rica.
In nine insightful chapters, this volume's contributors outline
each nation's demilitarization choices and how they were made. They
investigate factors such as military defeat, border security risks,
economic pressures, and the development of strong peace cultures
among citizenry. Also at center stage is the influence of the
United States, which fills a paradoxical role as both an enabler of
demilitarization and a leader in steadily accelerating
militarization.
Bookended by Peter N. Stearns' thought-provoking historical
introduction and forward-looking conclusion, the chapters in this
volume explore what true demilitarization means and how it impacts
a society at all levels, military and civilian, political and
private. The examples chosen reveal that successful
demilitarization must go beyond mere troop demobilization or arms
reduction to generate significant political and even psychological
shifts in the culture at large. Exemplifying the political
difficulties of demilitarization in both its failures and
successes, Demilitarization in the Contemporary World
provides a possible roadmap for future policies and practices.
eBook
Silenced communities : legacies of militarization and militarism in a rural Guatemalan town
\"Although the Guatemalan Civil War ended more than two decades ago, its bloody legacy continues to resonate even today. In Silenced Communities, author Marcia Esparza offers an ethnographic account of the failed demilitarization of the rural militia in the town of Santo Tomás Chichicastenango following the conflict. Combining insights from postcolonialism, subaltern studies, and theories of internal colonialism, Esparza explores the remarkable resilience of ideologies and practices engendered in the context of the Cold War, demonstrating how the lingering effects of grassroots militarization affect indigenous communities that continue to struggle with inequality and marginalization.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Drawdown
While traditionally, Americans view expensive military structure as a poor investment and a threat to liberty, they also require a guarantee of that very freedom, necessitating the employment of armed forces. Beginning with the seventeenth-century wars of the English colonies, Americans typically increased their military capabilities at the beginning of conflicts only to decrease them at the apparent conclusion of hostilities. InDrawdown: The American Way of Postwar, a stellar team of military historians argue that the United States sometimes managed effective drawdowns, sowing the seeds of future victory that Americans eventually reaped. Yet at other times, the drawing down of military capabilities undermined our readiness and flexibility, leading to more costly wars and perhaps defeat. The political choice to reduce military capabilities is influenced by Anglo-American pecuniary decisions and traditional fears of government oppression, and it has been haphazard at best throughout American history. These two factors form the basic American \"liberty dilemma,\" the vexed relationship between the nation and its military apparatuses from the founding of the first colonies through to present times.With the termination of large-scale operations in Iraq and the winnowing of forces in Afghanistan, the United States military once again faces a significant drawdown in standing force structure and capabilities. The political and military debate currently raging around how best to affect this force reduction continues to lack a proper historical perspective. This volume aspires to inform this dialogue. Not a traditional military history,Drawdownanalyzes cultural attitudes, political decisions, and institutions surrounding the maintenance of armed forces.
eBook
Reintegrating Afghan Insurgents
Examines reintegrating Taliban and other insurgents into their local communities in Afghanistan and outlines steps to facilitate that reintegration process. The author discusses the factors that increase the likelihood of reintegrating fighters and the key options for fighters as they consider reintegration. Finally, he outlines operational and tactical steps that should be taken when insurgents consider reintegration.
eBook
War veterans in postwar situations : Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Cote d'Ivoire
\"This edited volume deals with the reintegration and trajectories of intrastate or interstate war veterans. It raises the question of the effects of the war experience on ex-combatants with regards, in particular, to the perpetuation of a certain level of violence as well as the maintaining of structures, networks, and war methods after the war. The book considers various modalities of reintegration and analyzes how they are linked to resources, statuses, and sociabilities that were all built during the war. The various chapters of the book also analyze the role of policies that were made for war veterans, the way society welcomed them back, and the social and economic context. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Over Here
Extraordinary stories of ordinary men and women whose lives were changed forever by landmark legislation--and how they went on to change the country. Inspiring war stories are familiar.But what about after-the-war stories?.
eBook