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Materials & Media in Art Therapy
In art making, materials and media are the intermediaries between private ideas, thoughts and feelings, and their external manifestation in a tangible, sensual form. Thus, materials provide the core components of the exchange that occurs between art therapists and clients. This book focuses on the sensory-based, tangible vocabulary of materials and media and its relevance to art therapy. It provides a historical account of the theory and use of materials and media in art therapy, as well as an examination of the interface between art therapy, contemporary art materials and practices, and social/critical theory. Contributing authors provide examples of how art therapists have transgressed conventional material boundaries and expanded both thinking and practice in the field. The chapters discuss traditional as well as innovative media, such as body adornments, mail and video art, and comic books. An accompanying DVD contains media clips, as well as 69 color images.
eBook
Effects of an art-based intervention in older adults with dementia: a randomized controlled trial
This study aims to evaluate the effects of a creative expressive art-based storytelling accompanied by caregivers (CrEAS-AC) program on reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in older adults with dementia and caregiver burden compared to a general social contact (SC) control group. In this two-arm randomized controlled trial, dyads comprising participants with dementia and their caregivers were randomly assigned to the CrEAS-AC (
n
= 39) and SC groups (
n
= 39). Interventions were applied twice per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were BPSD (NPI and AES-I) and caregiver distress, while secondary outcomes included communication ability (SFACS-S and SFACS-C), caregiver burden (CBI), and other health-related outcomes (activities of daily living and QOL-AD). All variables were measured at baseline, 12-week follow-up, and 24-week follow-up. Linear mixed model analyses indicated that participants in the CrEAS-AC group showed significantly lower scores on NPI, AES-I, caregiver distress, and CBI post-intervention at the 12-week follow-up, compared with the SC group. They also showed higher scores on QOL-AD, SFACS-S, and SFACS-C. Baseline characteristics did not modify the effects of the interventions, which were maintained until at least 24-week follow-up. The CrEAS-AC program, as an art-based intervention, is therefore potentially effective in reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and improving communication ability and quality of life in older adults with dementia, as well as reducing caregivers’ distress and burden.
Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ID: ChiCTR2200064838) on 19/10/2022.
Journal Article
Art therapy is associated with sustained improvement in cognitive function in the elderly with mild neurocognitive disorder: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial for art therapy and music reminiscence activity versus usual care
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a phase in cognitive decline when it is still possible to intervene to reverse the decline. Cognitive stimulation delivered through psychosocial interventions provides both psychological intervention and social stimulation to improve cognition. A pilot open-label parallel-arms randomized controlled trial was undertaken to examine the effects of art therapy (AT) and music reminiscence activity (MRA) compared to the control, on the primary outcome of neurocognitive domain assessments in elderly people with MCI.
Methods
Community-living elderly people with MCI (Petersen’s criteria), assessed for study eligibility, were randomized using a web-based system with equal allocation to two intervention arms: AT (guided viewing of art pieces and production of visual arts) and MRA (listening, and recalling memories related to music) and a control arm (standard care without any intervention). Interventions were led by trained therapists weekly for 3 months, then fortnightly for 6 months. Neurocognitive domains (mean of memory, attention, and visuo-spatial abilities standardized scores), psychological wellbeing (subsyndromal depression and anxiety) and telomere length as a biological marker of cellular ageing, were assessed by intervention-blinded assessors at baseline, 3 months and 9 months.
Results
In total, 250 people were screened and 68 were randomized and included in the analysis. In the AT arm, neurocognitive domains improved compared to the control arm at 3 months (mean difference (d) = 0.40; 90% CI 0.126, 0.679) and were sustained at 9 months (d = 0.31; 90% CI 0.068, 0.548). There was some improvement in depression and anxiety at 3 and 9 months and in telomere length at 9 months, but this was not significant. Similar improvements were observed in the MRA arm over the control arm, but they were not significant. There were no intervention-related adverse effects.
Conclusions
Art therapy delivered by trained staff as “art as therapy” and “art psychotherapy” may have been the significant contributor to cognitive improvements. The findings support cognitive stimulation for elderly people with cognitive decline and signal the need for larger studies and further investigation of carefully designed psycho-social interventions for this group.
Trial registration
Clinical Trials.gov,
NCT02854085
. Registered on 7 July 2016.
Journal Article
The effect of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) on the body image of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a randomized controlled trial
Background
The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has increased in the last decade, resulting in enduring psychological effects, including negative body image. This study explored the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) on body image in women with PCOS.
Methods
In a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial conducted in Kerman, Iran, women of reproductive age (18–45) who were diagnosed with PCOS and met specific inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to either the MBAT intervention group or a control group placed on a therapy waiting list. The main focus of the study involved evaluating alterations in body image scores as the primary measure. Additionally, the study assessed secondary outcomes, which encompassed various domains of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The trial is registered with
www.irct.ir
(Registration code (25/01/2020): IRCT20170611034452N9).
Results
Between August 2020 and January 2021, 66 participants were randomly assigned to the MBAT or waiting list group, and the study was completed by 60 women. At the end of the intervention, body image (adjusted mean difference from baseline (AMD) of 29.22 [95% CI 19.54, 38.90],
P
< 0.05) and at the one-month follow-up (AMD of 34.77 [95% CI 24.75, 44.80],
P
< 0.05) were greater in the MBAT group than in the waiting list group. At certain time points, some MBSRQ domains, including body area satisfaction (BASS) (
p
< 0.05), appearance evaluation (
p
< 0.05), fitness orientation (
p
> 0.05), health orientation (
p
< 0.05), and self-classified weight (
p
> 0.05), had higher scores than did the control group. However, only BASS had a conclusive effect size (large). Additionally, appearance orientation (
p
> 0.05), illness orientation (
p
> 0.05), health evaluation (
p
< 0.05), fitness evaluation (
p
> 0.05), and overweight preoccupation (
p
< 0.05) had lower scores with variable and inconclusive effect sizes.
Conclusions
The MBAT has potential as an effective approach for enhancing body image in women with PCOS. However, some MBSRQ domain results were inconclusive, likely due to the small sample size. Therefore, further research with a larger sample size is recommended.
Journal Article
A Pilot RCT of Psychodynamic Group Art Therapy for Patients in Acute Psychotic Episodes: Feasibility, Impact on Symptoms and Mentalising Capacity
This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an assessor-blind, randomised controlled trial of psychodynamic art therapy for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, and to generate preliminary data on the efficacy of this intervention during acute psychotic episodes. Fifty-eight inpatients with DSM-diagnoses of schizophrenia were randomised to either 12 twice-weekly sessions of psychodynamic group art therapy plus treatment as usual or to standard treatment alone. Primary outcome criteria were positive and negative psychotic and depressive symptoms as well as global assessment of functioning. Secondary outcomes were mentalising function, estimated with the Reading the mind in the eyes test and the Levels of emotional awareness scale, self-efficacy, locus of control, quality of life and satisfaction with care. Assessments were made at baseline, at post-treatment and at 12 weeks' follow-up. At 12 weeks, 55% of patients randomised to art therapy, and 66% of patients receiving treatment as usual were examined. In the per-protocol sample, art therapy was associated with a significantly greater mean reduction of positive symptoms and improved psychosocial functioning at post-treatment and follow-up, and with a greater mean reduction of negative symptoms at follow-up compared to standard treatment. The significant reduction of positive symptoms at post-treatment was maintained in an attempted intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences regarding depressive symptoms. Of secondary outcome parameters, patients in the art therapy group showed a significant improvement in levels of emotional awareness, and particularly in their ability to reflect about others' emotional mental states. This is one of the first randomised controlled trials on psychodynamic group art therapy for patients with acute psychotic episodes receiving hospital treatment. Results prove the feasibility of trials on art therapy during acute psychotic episodes and justify further research to substantiate preliminary positive results regarding symptom reduction and the recovery of mentalising function.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01622166.
Journal Article