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"Artemisia"
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Violence & virtue : Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith slaying Holofernes
\"Violence and Virtue examines a single, uniquely powerful painting: Judith Slaying Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi. A quintessential example of early Baroque painting, this work has, more than any other picture in her oeuvre, come to define Gentileschi as an early modern woman and a superb Baroque painter. Eve Straussman-Pflanzer explores the circumstances surrounding the painting's creation and the meanings conveyed by the image itself. Among other topics of investigation, the author addresses the role of women artists and patrons in the 17th century and the fascination with violence and the importance of female heroes during the Baroque era. A comparative analysis between Gentileschi's masterpiece and other paintings and works on paper by artists such as Caravaggio, Botticelli, Cristofano Allori, and Felice Ficherelli, among others, testifies to the importance of Gentileschi's portrayal of the heroine Judith\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Healing roots
Umhlonyane, also known as Artemisia afra, is one of the oldest and best-documented indigenous medicines in South Africa. This bush, which grows wild throughout the sub-Saharan region, smells and tastes like “medicine,\" thus easily making its way into people's lives and becoming the choice of everyday healing for Xhosa healer-diviners and Rastafarian herbalists. This \"natural\" remedy has recently sparked curiosity as scientists search for new molecules against a tuberculosis pandemic while hoping to recognize indigenous medicine. Laplante follows umhlonyane on its trails and trials of becoming a biopharmaceutical — from the \"open air\" to controlled environments — learning from the plant and from the people who use it with hopes in healing.
eBook
Blood water paint
In Renaissance Italy, Artemisia Gentileschi endures the subjugation of women that allows her father to take credit for her extraordinary paintings, rape and the ensuing trial, and torture, buoyed by her deceased mother's stories of strong women of the Bible.
Book
Quantification of santonin in eight species of Artemisia from Kazakhstan by means of HPLC-UV: Method development and validation
Santonin, a powerful anthelmintic drug that was formely used to treat worms, is Artemisia cina's main constituent. However, due to its toxicity to humans, it is no longer in use. Kazakhstan is looking to introduce this plant as an anthelmintic drug for veterinary purposes, despite the known toxic properties of the santonin. The objective of this study was to develop a fast and specific method for the identification of santonin and its precise quantitation using HPLC-UV in order to avoid unnecessary intoxication, which is paramount for the development of veterinary medicines. The results obtained showed that santonin appears at around 5.7 minutes in this very reliable HPLC method. The validation of the method was performed by the investigation of parameters such as precision, accuracy, reproducibility and recovery. The method was used to identify and quantify santonin in leaves of A. scoparia, A. foetida, A. gmelinni, A. schrenkiana, A. frigida, A. sublesingiana, A terra-albae, and A. absinthium from Kazakhstan as well as in three different extracts of leaves of A. cina. This study has provided a faster and simpler method for the identification and quantification of this compound in other species of Artemisia of economic importance.
Journal Article
Healing roots : anthropology in life and medicine
\"Umhlonyane, also known as Artemisia afra, is one of the oldest and best-documented indigenous medicines in South Africa. This bush, which grows wild throughout the sub-Saharan region, smells and tastes like \"medicine,\" thus easily making its way into people's lives and becoming the choice of everyday healing for Xhosa healer-diviners and Rastafarian herbalists. This 'natural' remedy has recently sparked curiosity as scientists search for new molecules against a tuberculosis pandemic while hoping to recognize indigenous medicine. Laplante follows umhlonyane on its trails and trials of becoming a biopharmaceutical -- from the \"open air\" to controlled environments -- learning from the plant and from the people who use it with hopes in healing.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Artemisia Species with High Biological Values as a Potential Source of Medicinal and Cosmetic Raw Materials
Artemisia species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia annua, Artemisia dracunculus, and Artemisia vulgaris are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these species have been extensively studied. Studies on these species have confirmed their traditional applications and documented new pharmacological directions and their valuable and potential applications in cosmetology. Artemisia ssp. primarily contain sesquiterpenoid lactones, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Essential oils obtained from these species are of great biological importance. Extracts from Artemisia ssp. have been scientifically proven to exhibit, among others, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, cytotoxic, and digestion-stimulating activities. In addition, their application in cosmetic products is currently the subject of several studies. Essential oils or extracts from different parts of Artemisia ssp. have been characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Products with Artemisia extracts, essential oils, or individual compounds can be used on skin, hair, and nails. Artemisia products are also used as ingredients in skincare cosmetics, such as creams, shampoos, essences, serums, masks, lotions, and tonics. This review focuses especially on elucidating the importance of the most popular/important species of the Artemisia genus in the cosmetic industry.
Journal Article
Bioprospecting of Artemisia genus: from artemisinin to other potentially bioactive compounds
Species from genus
Artemisia
are widely distributed throughout temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and many cultures have a long-standing traditional use of these plants as herbal remedies, liquors, cosmetics, spices, etc. Nowadays, the discovery of new plant-derived products to be used as food supplements or drugs has been pushed by the exploitation of bioprospection approaches. Often driven by the knowledge derived from the ethnobotanical use of plants, bioprospection explores the existing biodiversity through integration of modern omics techniques with targeted bioactivity assays. In this work we set up a bioprospection plan to investigate the phytochemical diversity and the potential bioactivity of five
Artemisia
species with recognized ethnobotanical tradition (
A. absinthium
,
A. alba
,
A. annua
,
A. verlotiorum
and
A. vulgaris
), growing wild in the natural areas of the Verona province. We characterized the specialized metabolomes of the species (including sesquiterpenoids from the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway) through an LC–MS based untargeted approach and, in order to identify potential bioactive metabolites, we correlated their composition with the in vitro antioxidant activity. We propose as potential bioactive compounds several isomers of caffeoyl and feruloyl quinic acid esters (e.g. dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids and caffeoylferuloylquinic acids), which strongly characterize the most antioxidant species
A. verlotiorum
and
A. annua
. Morevoer, in this study we report for the first time the occurrence of sesquiterpenoids from the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway in the species
A. alba
.
Journal Article
The roles of AaMIXTA1 in regulating the initiation of glandular trichomes and cuticle biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
The glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) on Artemisia annua leaves have the capacity to secrete and store artemisinin, a compound which is the most effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria. An effective strategy to improve artemisinin content is therefore to increase the density of GSTs in A. annua. However, the formation mechanism of GSTs remains poorly understood.
To explore the mechanisms of GST initiation in A. annua, we screened myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor genes from a GST transcriptome database and identified a MIXTA transcription factor, AaMIXTA1, which is expressed predominantly in the basal cells of GST in A. annua. Overexpression and repression of AaMIXTA1 resulted in an increase and decrease, respectively, in the number of GSTs as well as the artemisinin content in transgenic plants.
Transcriptome analysis and cuticular lipid profiling showed that AaMIXTA1 is likely to be responsible for activating cuticle biosynthesis. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that AaMIXTA1 could directly activate the expression of genes related to cuticle biosynthesis.
Taken together, AaMIXTA1 regulated cuticle biosynthesis and prompted GST initiation without any abnormal impact on the morphological structure of the GSTs and so provides a new way to improve artemisinin content in this important medicinal plant.
Journal Article
Unravelling Artemisia species genetic variation via DNA barcoding, ISSR and RAPD with the development of eco-specific SCAR markers
Background
Genus
Artemisia
is one of the largest and most globally spread genera, comprising more than 500 species known for their phytochemical diversity and therapeutic properties. This necessitates the accurate authentication and differentiation of its species. Traditional morphological, microscopical and metabolic profiling methods are often insufficient for reliable discrimination. The aim of this study is the authentication and assessment of the genetic diversity of wild Egyptian
Artemisia
species;
A. herba-alba
,
A. monosperma
,
A. judaica
and cultivated
A. annua
using a combined molecular approach of DNA barcoding, ISSR, RAPD, and the development of eco-specific SCAR markers.
Results
DNA barcoding targeting both nuclear (ITS2) and plastid (psbA-trnH) spacers revealed that ITS2 is recommended over psbA-trnH as the discriminatory barcode of choice since it accurately identified all species with > 99% identity and phylogenetic clustering with greater genetic distances. ISSR fingerprinting with five primers generated 41 polymorphic bands (100% polymorphism) and displayed genetic diversity among the species. However, the morphologically and chemically similar
A. herba-alba
and
A. judaica
remained partly undifferentiated. Therefore, RAPD profiling was implemented as a complementary technique for better and reliable discrimination. RAPD profiling with 27 primers generated 212 bands (99.5% polymorphic). RAPD primers OPA-10 and OPK-07 showed superior differentiation of the
Artemisia
species, while primers OPG-07, OPB-20, OPS-12 and OPD-15 failed to discriminate between the studied species. The reproducible RAPD banding profiles generated by OPG-02, OPG-04, OPA-09 and OPD-15 primers were targeted for the development of species-specific SCAR markers by isolating, cloning, and sequencing the distinct RAPD bands specific for each species. These putative SCAR markers were assessed and validated confirming the identity of the studied species.
Conclusions
An integrated molecular approach combining ITS2 barcoding, ISSR, RAPD, and RAPD-derived SCAR markers offered a reliable strategy for the authentication and discrimination of
Artemisia
species based on their genetic profiles. It is worth mentioning that this is the first report of eco-specific SCAR markers for the Egyptian
Artemisia
species. The developed SCAR markers allow rapid species identification for quality control of medicinal plants, complementing conventional methods and overcoming their limitations. This provides a reproducible, cost-effective strategy for large-scale authentication of medicinal plants.
Journal Article
In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Glioblastoma Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia vulgaris L
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and challenging brain tumor, is a key focus in neuro-oncology due to its rapid growth and poor prognosis. The C6 glioma cell line is often used as a glioblastoma model due to its close simulation of human glioma characteristics, including rapid expansion and invasiveness. Alongside, herbal medicine, particularly Artemisia spp., is gaining attention for its anticancer potential, offering mechanisms like apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. In this study, we optimized extraction conditions of polyphenols from Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. herbs and investigated their anticancer effects in silico and in vitro. Molecular docking of the main phenolic compounds of A. annua and A. vulgaris and potential target proteins, including programmed cell death (apoptosis) pathway proteins proapoptotic Bax (PDB ID 6EB6), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (PDB ID G5M), and the necroptosis pathway protein (PDB ID 7MON), mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), in complex with receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), revealed the high probability of their interactions, highlighting the possible influence of chlorogenic acid in modulating necroptosis processes. The cell viability of rat C6 glioma cell line was assessed using a nuclear fluorescent double-staining assay with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. The extracts from A. annua and A. vulgaris have demonstrated anticancer activity in the glioblastoma model, with the synergistic effects of their combined compounds surpassing the efficacy of any single compound. Our results suggest the potential of these extracts as a basis for developing more effective glioblastoma treatments, emphasizing the importance of further research into their mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications.
Journal Article