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"Arthropods"
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Creepy-crawlies
Discover twelve of the world's favorite arthropods. Includes a guide to different types of arthropods. Unfolds to five feet in length, with pop-up illustrations.
Book
Creepy bugs
Thrill to the blood-curdling facts about some bloodthirsty insects and arthropods (spiders and scorpions) that feed paralyzed prey to their larvae or shoot boiling hot liquid at enemies!
Book
Implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions
The saliva of haematophagous arthropods contains an array of anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the success of the blood meal. The saliva of haematophagous arthropods is also involved in the transmission and the establishment of pathogens in the host and in allergic responses. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity and immunogenic properties of the main salivary proteins characterised in various haematophagous arthropod species. The potential biological and epidemiological applications of these immunogenic salivary molecules will be discussed with an emphasis on their use as biomarkers of exposure to haematophagous arthropod bites or vaccine candidates that are liable to improve host protection against vector-borne diseases.
Journal Article
Long-term ecological research in southern Brazil grasslands: Effects of grazing exclusion and deferred grazing on plant and arthropod communities
Grazing exclusion may lead to biodiversity loss and homogenization of naturally heterogeneous and species-rich grassland ecosystems, and these effects may cascade to higher trophic levels and ecosystem properties. Although grazing exclusion has been studied elsewhere, the consequences of alleviating the disturbance regime in grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this paper, we present results of the first five years of an experiment in native grasslands of southern Brazil. Using a randomized block experimental design, we examined the effects of three grazing treatments on plant and arthropod communities: (i) deferred grazing (i.e., intermittent grazing), (ii) grazing exclusion and (iii) a control under traditional continuous grazing, which were applied to 70 x 70 m experimental plots, in six regionally distributed blocks. We evaluated plant community responses regarding taxonomic and functional diversity (life-forms) in separate spatial components: alpha (1 x 1 m subplots), beta, and gamma (70 x 70 m plots), as well as the cascading effects on arthropod high-taxa. By estimating effect sizes (treatments vs. control) by bootstrap resampling, both deferred grazing and grazing exclusion mostly increased vegetation height, plant biomass and standing dead biomass. The effect of grazing exclusion on plant taxonomic diversity was negative. Conversely, deferred grazing increased plant taxonomic diversity, but both treatments reduced plant functional diversity. Reduced grazing pressure in both treatments promoted the break of dominance by prostrate species, followed by fast homogenization of vegetation structure towards dominance of ligneous and erect species. These changes in the plant community led to increases in high-taxa richness and abundance of vegetation-dwelling arthropod groups under both treatments, but had no detectable effects on epigeic arthropods. Our results indicate that decision-making regarding the conservation of southern Brazil grasslands should include both intensive and alleviated levels of grazing management, but not complete grazing exclusion, to maximize conservation results when considering plant and arthropod communities.
Journal Article
Arthropods
\"Through photos, text, and sidebars, this title explores the differences and similarities between several classes, families, genera, and species of arthropods, and how animal classification works. Readers will discover what makes arthropods unique, how they are classified, and why sometimes scientists sort them in different ways\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
A timeline for terrestrialization: consequences for the carbon cycle in the Palaeozoic
The geochemical carbon cycle is strongly influenced by life on land, principally through the effects of carbon sequestration and the weathering of calcium and magnesium silicates in surface rocks and soils. Knowing the time of origin of land plants and animals and also of key organ systems (e.g. plant vasculature, roots, wood) is crucial to understand the development of the carbon cycle and its effects on other Earth systems. Here, we compare evidence from fossils with calibrated molecular phylogenetic trees (timetrees) of living plants and arthropods. We show that different perspectives conflict in terms of the relative timing of events, the organisms involved and the pattern of diversification of various groups. Focusing on the fossil record, we highlight a number of key biases that underpin some of these conflicts, the most pervasive and far-reaching being the extent and nature of major facies changes in the rock record. These effects probably mask an earlier origin of life on land than is evident from certain classes of fossil data. If correct, this would have major implications in understanding the carbon cycle during the Early Palaeozoic.
Journal Article
Bug bonanza!
\"What are bugs? It's a mystery! A riddle! A quest! Time to find out what BUGS are about!\"-- Page [4] of cover.
BOOK
Ectoparasitic infestations of the eye: three cases with three different arthropods
Parasitic infestations of the external eye are uncommon and more often prevalent in tropical and developing countries. We present three cases with ocular infestation caused by three different arthropods admitted to the ophthalmology department of a tertiary health care centre during two months. The first case was infected with the larvae of Oestrus ovis, the second case with Phthiriasis palpebrarum, and the third case with a tick, Ixodes ricinus. All patients in this report were living in city center of Bursa, one of the most industrialized cities of Turkey. Ocular ectoparasitic infestations should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis, blepharitis and eyelid mass, even if patients living in urban areas. Due to the rarity of ocular ectoparasitic infestations and overlapping symptoms with more commonly occuring ophthalmic conditions, a careful ophthalmic examination is required to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.
Journal Article