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The global politics of artificial intelligence
\"Technologies such as artificial intelligence have led to significant advances in science and medicine, but have also facilitated new forms of repression, policing and surveillance. AI policy has become without doubt a significant issue of global politics. The Global Politics of Artificial Intelligence tackles some of the issues linked to AI development and use, contributing to a better understanding of the global politics of AI. This is an area where enormous work still needs to be done, and the contributors to this volume provide significant input into this field of study, to policy makers, academics, and society at large. Each of the chapters in this volume works as freestanding contribution, and provides an accessible account of a particular issue linked to AI from a political perspective. Contributors to the volume come from many different areas of expertise, and of the world, and range from emergent to established authors\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Atlas of AI
The hidden costs of artificial intelligence, from natural
resources and labor to privacy and freedom What happens
when artificial intelligence saturates political life and depletes
the planet? How is AI shaping our understanding of ourselves and
our societies? In this book Kate Crawford reveals how this
planetary network is fueling a shift toward undemocratic governance
and increased inequality. Drawing on more than a decade of
research, award-winning science, and technology, Crawford reveals
how AI is a technology of extraction: from the energy and minerals
needed to build and sustain its infrastructure, to the exploited
workers behind \"automated\" services, to the data AI collects from
us. Rather than taking a narrow focus on code and algorithms,
Crawford offers us a political and a material perspective on what
it takes to make artificial intelligence and where it goes wrong.
While technical systems present a veneer of objectivity, they are
always systems of power. This is an urgent account of what is at
stake as technology companies use artificial intelligence to
reshape the world.
eBook
The new fire : war, peace, and democracy in the age of AI
\"Is AI a force for ill or for good? How does it work? This book analyzes the potential of AI in many sectors, including global security\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The age of em : work, love, and life when robots rule the Earth
Robots may one day rule the world, but what is a robot-ruled Earth like? Many think that the first truly smart robots will be brain emulations or \"ems.\" Robin Hanson draws on decades of expertise in economics, physics, and computer science to paint a detailed picture of this next great era in human (and machine) evolution - the age of em.
eBook
Artificial intelligence : fundamentals and applications
\"This comprehensive reference text discusses the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence and its applications in a single volume. Artificial Intelligence: Fundamentals and Applications presents a detailed discussion of basic aspects and ethics in the field of artificial intelligence and its applications in areas, including electronic devices and systems, consumer electronics, automobile engineering, manufacturing, robotics and automation, agriculture, banking, and predictive analysis. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, manufacturing engineering, pharmacy, and healthcare, this text: Discusses advances in artificial intelligence and its applications. Presents the predictive analysis and data analysis using artificial intelligence. Covers the algorithms and pseudo-codes for different domains. Discusses the latest development of artificial intelligence in the field of practical speech recognition, machine translation, autonomous vehicles, and household robotics. Covers the applications of artificial intelligence in fields, including pharmacy and healthcare, electronic devices and systems, manufacturing, consumer electronics, and robotics.\"--Back cover.
Book
Artificial Intelligence and Global Security
Artificial Intelligence and Global Security: Future Trends, Threats and Considerationsbrings a much-needed perspective on the impact of the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in military affairs. Experts forecast that AI will shape future military operations in ways that will revolutionize warfare.
eBook
Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Position on Requirements, Challenges, and Opportunities
Artificial intelligence (AI) and especially reinforcement learning (RL) have the potential to enable agents to learn and perform tasks autonomously with superhuman performance. However, we consider RL as fundamentally a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) paradigm, even when an agent eventually performs its task autonomously. In cases where the reward function is challenging or impossible to define, HITL approaches are considered particularly advantageous. The application of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in systems such as ChatGPT demonstrates the effectiveness of optimizing for user experience and integrating their feedback into the training loop. In HITL RL, human input is integrated during the agent’s learning process, allowing iterative updates and fine-tuning based on human feedback, thus enhancing the agent’s performance. Since the human is an essential part of this process, we argue that human-centric approaches are the key to successful RL, a fact that has not been adequately considered in the existing literature. This paper aims to inform readers about current explainability methods in HITL RL. It also shows how the application of explainable AI (xAI) and specific improvements to existing explainability approaches can enable a better human-agent interaction in HITL RL for all types of users, whether for lay people, domain experts, or machine learning specialists. Accounting for the workflow in HITL RL and based on software and machine learning methodologies, this article identifies four phases for human involvement for creating HITL RL systems: (1) Agent Development, (2) Agent Learning, (3) Agent Evaluation, and (4) Agent Deployment. We highlight human involvement, explanation requirements, new challenges, and goals for each phase. We furthermore identify low-risk, high-return opportunities for explainability research in HITL RL and present long-term research goals to advance the field. Finally, we propose a vision of human-robot collaboration that allows both parties to reach their full potential and cooperate effectively.
Journal Article
Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly integrated into scientific discovery to augment and accelerate research, helping scientists to generate hypotheses, design experiments, collect and interpret large datasets, and gain insights that might not have been possible using traditional scientific methods alone. Here we examine breakthroughs over the past decade that include self-supervised learning, which allows models to be trained on vast amounts of unlabelled data, and geometric deep learning, which leverages knowledge about the structure of scientific data to enhance model accuracy and efficiency. Generative AI methods can create designs, such as small-molecule drugs and proteins, by analysing diverse data modalities, including images and sequences. We discuss how these methods can help scientists throughout the scientific process and the central issues that remain despite such advances. Both developers and users of AI tools need a better understanding of when such approaches need improvement, and challenges posed by poor data quality and stewardship remain. These issues cut across scientific disciplines and require developing foundational algorithmic approaches that can contribute to scientific understanding or acquire it autonomously, making them critical areas of focus for AI innovation.
The advances in artificial intelligence over the past decade are examined, with a discussion on how artificial intelligence systems can aid the scientific process and the central issues that remain despite advances.
Journal Article