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Background Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most important pathogens of dogs. Despite vaccination, CPV infections are still ubiquitous in dogs, and the three antigenic variants 2a, 2b and 2c are variously distributed in the canine population worldwide. To date, no information is available on CPV variants circulating in some European countries. The aim of this study was to genetically characterise the CPV detected in ten dogs with clinical signs of acute gastroenteritis in Romania. The presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was investigated in faecal samples using an end-point PCR targeting the complete VP2 gene and positive amplicons were sequenced and analysed. Results All ten dogs with acute gastroenteritis tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA in faecal samples. The identified viruses belonged to CPV-2c type, showed identical sequences of the VP2 gene and were characterised by distinctive amino acid residues in the deduced VP2 protein: 5-glicine (5Gly), 267-tirosine (267Tyr), 324-isoleucine (324Ile) and 370-arginine (370Arg). These distinctive amino acid residues have already been reported in CPV-2c widespread in Asia and occasionally detected in Italy and Nigeria. Conclusions Since CPV-2c with VP2 amino acid residues 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile and 370Arg were never reported before 2013, it can be assumed that this virus is progressively expanding its spread in the world dog population. This study adds new data about the presence of this new virus in Europe and underline worrying questions about its potential impact on the health of the canine population.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection in dogs is considered as one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs and continues to occur with high incidence worldwide. Despite a single-stranded DNA virus, CPV-2 possesses a high mutation rate which has led to the development of new variants from time to time. These variants are classically classified based on the amino acid markers present in the VP2 gene. In this study, we examined 20 different cases of CPV-2 infection from seven different states of the North East region (NER) of India. The near-complete genome sequences of all these isolates were subjected to phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity and geographical spread of CPV-2 variants. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed residues characteristic of the 'Asian CPV-2c lineage' in all the 20 sequences confirming it as the dominant strain circulating in NER, India. The phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome showed that all 20 sequences formed a monophyletic clade together with other Asian CPV-2c sequences. Furthermore, phylogeographic analysis based on the VP2 gene showed the likely introduction of Asian CPV-2c strain to India from China. This study marks the first comprehensive report elucidating the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 in India.

An 8-month-old vaccinated male English Cocker Spaniel was presented with hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) infection was indicated by a weakly positive rapid antigen test and confirmed by a combination of serological, molecular, and virological methods. Serological analysis revealed a high IgM titer (1:2,700) and the absence of IgG antibodies, while hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum neutralization tests (SNT) confirmed the presence of functional antibodies (≥1:640). Molecular characterization based on the gene (1,755 bp) identified the CPV-2c variant with amino acid signatures (5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile, 370Arg, and 440Thr) typical of the \"Asian\" lineage. The virus was successfully isolated in A-72 cell culture with characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE). Following intensive supportive therapy, the dog was discharged in stable condition. This report provides molecular evidence of the circulation of \"Asian\" CPV-2c variants in Central Europe and highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches in vaccinated dogs.