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The power of mindfulness : Mindfulness Meditation Training in Sport (MMTS)
\"This book offers both sport psychology practitioners and sport athletes a clear understanding of mindfulness to help athletes optimize sport performance. It provides a clear insight how sport athletes can learn to increase their ability to concentrate, be fully present during high pressure competition and how to effectively respond to distracting thoughts and emotions (e.g. performance anxiety; dread). The strategies offered in the chapters are based on Mindfulness Meditation Training for Sport (MMTS), an empirically supported mindfulness intervention for sport, which was created by the authors. MMTS has been adopted internationally by practicing sport psychologists - used with collegiate, club, and Olympic teams. Through offering a clear explanation of mindfulness and self-compassion (an essential element of MMTS), brief mindfulness based practices, and consistently offering how such practices link to performance - the reader learns to implement all of MMTS or elements of MMTS to help the increase their ability to focus, cope with difficult emotions, and perform their best when it matters.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players
While there is ample evidence on the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and stretching training on selected measures of physical fitness in young athletes, less is known on the mental well-being effects. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of NMT versus stretching training (ST) performed during the warm-up and active control (CG) on selected physical fitness measures and mental well-being in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players. A secondary aim was to investigate associations between training-induced changes in physical fitness and mental well-being. Forty-six pubertal participants aged 12.2 ± 0.6 years were randomly allocated to NMT, ST, or CG. The eight-weeks NMT included balance, strength, plyometric, and change-of-direction (CoD) exercises. ST comprised four weeks of lower limbs static stretching followed by four weeks of dynamic stretching. The CG performed a soccer-specific warm-up. Training volumes were similar between groups. Pre-, and post-training, tests were scheduled to assess dynamic balance (Y-balance test), 15-m CoD speed, power (five-jump-test [FJT]), cognitive (CA), somatic anxiety (SA), and self-confidence (SC). Findings showed significant group-by-time interactions for all physical fitness measures (d = 1.00-3.23; p < 0.05) and mental well-being (d = 0.97-1.08; p < 0.05) tests. There were significant pre-post changes for all tested variables (d = 0.69-4.23; p < 0.05) in favor of NMT but not ST and CG. Pooled data indicated significant moderate correlations between training-induced performance changes in FJT and SA (r = −0.378, p < 0.05), FJT and SC (r = 0.360, p < 0.05) and 15-m CoD and SA (r = 0.393, p < 0.01). NMT but not ST or CG resulted in improved measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players. NMT performed during the warm-up is a safe and effective training method as it exerts positive effects on physical fitness and self-confidence as well as the coping of anxiety in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players.
Journal Article
How does mindfulness training affect attention and penalty kick performance in university football player
Athletes often struggle to maintain attentional focus and performance consistency under pressure, particularly during high-stakes tasks like penalty kicks. This study examined the effects of brief mindfulness training on visual attention behaviors and penalty kick performance among university football players under non-pressure and pressure conditions. The study comprises two experiments: Experiment 1 was conducted in non-pressure conditions, whereas Experiment 2 involved pressure condition. Each experiment involved 40 participants, who were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group underwent 15 minutes of brief mindfulness training, while the control group engaged in 15 minutes of quiet sitting. Eye-tracking technology was used to measure fixation count and fixation duration during the penalty kick tasks. In non-stress conditions, the mindfulness group showed a significant increase in fixation duration and fixation count, with no change in penalty kick performance. In pressure conditions, the mindfulness group again showed significant gains in fixation duration and fixation count, but penalty kick scores did not significantly improve. Comparisons across stress conditions revealed that fixation duration improvements were larger under pressure, suggesting mindfulness may enhance attentional stability when athletes are under stress. In conclusion, brief mindfulness training can enhance visual attention behaviors in university football players, especially under pressure, by promoting sustained focus on task-relevant visual targets.
Journal Article
The playmaker's advantage : how to raise your mental game to the next level
\"Discover how to improve your mental game--the next frontier in sports training--no matter your age or experience and become the Playmaker or the decisive general on the court or field\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Mobile-based mindfulness meditation intervention’s impact on mental health among young male judo athletes in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study
Young athletes commonly encounter various mental health challenges due to the distinct pressures inherent in sports environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in alleviating mental health indicators of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety, and enhancing self-esteem and resilience among young male judo athletes in South Korea. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were completed by 53 judo athletes. Participants were then allocated to the intervention group (N = 27; M
age
= 13.77 [SD = 1.11]), which used a mobile meditation software program, or the control group (N = 27; M
age
= 13.56 [SD = 1.05]). Data analysis compared intervention and control group scores using multiple statistical methods, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures analysis of variance. Following the intervention, the mindfulness group exhibited significant enhancements in the mental health indicators of depression (GMD = 2.74 [95% CI 0.90–4.56], Cohen’s D = 0.84), perceived stress (GMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.002–0.70], Cohen’s D = 0.56), and anxiety (GMD = 0.2 [95% CI 0.001–0.40, Cohen’s D = 0.56]. Self-esteem also had a significant increase (GMD = 0.55 [95% CI − 0.22 to − 0.88], Cohen’s D = 0.95). The findings of this study underscore the potential benefits of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in addressing mental health challenges among young male judo athletes. The significant enhancements observed in scores on measures of depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-esteem among participants in the mindfulness group highlight the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting mental health in sports settings.
Journal Article
Effects of neuromuscular versus plyometric training on physical fitness and mental well-being in male pubertal soccer players
Neuromuscular training (NMT) and plyometric training (PT) are commonly used during long-term athlete development, yet their relative effects on physical fitness and mental well-being are not fully understood. This study compared 8 weeks of NMT versus PT on physical fitness, mental well-being, emotional intelligence, and attention in pubertal male soccer players and explored associations between training-induced changes in these domains. Twenty-four male soccer players (12.3–12.5 years, circa-peak height velocity: − 0.7 to − 0.8) were randomly assigned to NMT or PT. Both groups trained twice weekly in addition to regular soccer practice. NMT included balance, strength, plyometric, change-of-direction, and agility exercises, while PT focused on bilateral and unilateral jump-landing drills. Training volumes were matched. Physical fitness tests included the five-time jump test, 20-m sprint, and 15-m change-of-direction speed test. Mental well-being outcomes included cognitive and somatic anxiety, self-confidence, attention, and emotional intelligence. PT led to larger improvements in jump, sprint, and change-of-direction speed performances, whereas NMT produced greater gains in self-confidence, anxiety regulation, attention, and emotional intelligence. A graphical summary illustrates the distinct physical and psychological adaptations to PT and NMT, highlighting their complementary nature. The observed fitness improvements significantly correlated with changes in psychological outcomes. These findings suggest that strength and conditioning professionals should prioritize PT when aiming to enhance physical fitness and NMT when targeting psychological well-being, supporting a holistic approach to athletic development in pubertal soccer players.
Journal Article
Effects of Mental Fatigue on Reaction Time in Sportsmen
Aim: Mental fatigue (MF) has been defined as a psychobiological state commonly caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. However, the differences between women and men in their reaction times (RTs) to visual stimuli due to mental fatigue remain largely unknown. We compare the differences in RT and heart rate after an acute intervention of mental fatigue between male and female athletes. Materials and methods: For this aim, 64 participants (age 31.7 ± 6.2 y) performed a routine of 15 min of the Stroop test (PsyTool), with 600 tasks and five different colors. Their heart rate (HR) was registered before, during, and one, three, and five minutes after the Stroop test. Meanwhile, the RT was evaluated before and after the Stroop test. A general linear mixed model (GLMM) and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the HR between the conditions and an ANOVA two-way analysis was used to compare the values pre-/post-Stroop test. (α = 0.05). Results: The GLMM for HR showed an effect on the time (p < 0.001) and the time × group interaction (p = 0.004). The RT was significantly increased pre- to post-Stroop test (p < 0.05); however, there was no difference between the pre- and post-HR measurements (p = 1.000) and the measurements one (p = 0.559), three (p = 1.000) and five (p = 1.000) min after the Stroop test. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that the parasympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system which functions as a relaxation system tends to be activated under increasing mental fatigue, with a decreased performance (RT) similarly in men and women. Therefore, athletes could use MF induced during training to improve the time delay related to motor tasks.
Journal Article