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Direct Versus Indirect Submaximal VOsub.2max Assessment in Masters Basketball Players
Background: Accurate assessment of aerobic capacity is essential for performance monitoring in masters athletes, particularly in high-intensity team sports. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and agreement of three indirect maximal oxygen uptake (VO[sub.2]max) protocols (Åstrand–Ryhming, YMCA, and Polar OwnIndex Fitness test) against the gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in masters basketball players. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study included 50 male masters basketball players (aged 51–81 years, M = 64.3 ± 7.9). Validity was determined by comparing results from the three indirect protocols to direct VO[sub.2]max measurement via CPET. Agreement was assessed using Pearson correlations (r), systematic error, mean absolute error (MAE), and Bland–Altman limits of agreement. Results: The Åstrand–Ryhming test and YMCA tests showed the closest agreement with CPET (systematic error < 4%, MAE ≈ 17–18%, r > 0.50). The Polar OwnIndex test substantially overestimated VO[sub.2]max (mean error ≈ 30%, MAE = 32%). The Åstrand–Ryhming test at low workload yielded the strongest correlation (r = 0.75). Conclusions: The Åstrand–Ryhming and YMCA submaximal tests demonstrated acceptable validity and low systematic bias for estimating VO[sub.2]max in masters basketball players, positioning them as practical alternatives to CPET. Conversely, the Polar OwnIndex test showed poor agreement and clinically significant overestimation. These findings support the use of submaximal cycling protocols for fitness monitoring and tailored training prescription in this specific older athlete population. Future longitudinal research is warranted to confirm their ability to track fitness changes over time in this population.
Journal Article
Kid athletes : true tales of childhood from sports legends
Sixteen \"true tales from the childhoods of famous athletes, from Babe Ruth (so incorrigible that his parents put him in reform school at age 7) to Muhammad Ali (who learned to fight at age 12 after a thief stole his bicycle)\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Beyond the Black Power Salute
Unequal opportunity sparked Jim Brown’s endeavors to encourage Black development while Billie Jean King fought so that women tennis players could earn more money and enjoy greater freedom. Gregory J. Kaliss examines these events and others to guide readers through the unprecedented wave of protest that swept sports in the 1960s and 1970s. The little-known story of the University of Wyoming football players suspended for their activism highlights an analysis of protests by college athletes. The 1971 Muhammad Ali–Joe Frazier clash provides a high-profile example of the Black male athlete’s effort to redefine Black masculinity. An in-depth look at the American Basketball Association reveals a league that put Black culture front and center with its style of play and shows how the ABA influenced the development of hip-hop. As Kaliss describes the breakthroughs achieved by these athletes, he also explores the barriers that remained--and in some cases remain today.
eBook
Clutch performers
Spotlights the players who can be depended on to deliver under intense pressure.
Book
Quantifying the Supercrip Image: Exploring the Impact of Knowledge of an Athlete's Physical Disability on Spectators' Impressions of Performance and Interest in Consumption
This study examined how spectators perceived athletes with disabilities when the spectators were aware of the disabilities versus when the spectators were unaware. A 10-minute video of a deaf collegiate basketball team (Gallaudet University) playing against a hearing collegiate basketball team (Wilkes University) was used as a means to collect data. Approximately half of the participants were informed that the players for Gallaudet were deaf while the other participants were not. Participants who were informed of the Gallaudet players' impairment viewed the Gallaudet players as exhibiting better communication and teamwork, being more athletic and skillful, being more inspirational, and participants were more interested in attending a Gallaudet game.
Journal Article
The playmaker's advantage : how to raise your mental game to the next level
\"Discover how to improve your mental game--the next frontier in sports training--no matter your age or experience and become the Playmaker or the decisive general on the court or field\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
10 Left atrial adaption in the athletic heart
IntroductionAs part of a screening programme we performed cardiac Echocardiography on an elite hurling team twice during the last four years and as new players emerged. We used conventional echo parameters plus deformation imaging to assess the athletic heart. We know from previous studies that left ventricular stiffness and compliance is reduced in elite athletes. The aim therefore was to assess the retrograde effect of this on left atrial adaption in competitive athletes compared to controls.Methods20 competitive athletes and 20 age and sex-matched sedentary subjects were analysed using conventional Echocardiography and deformation imaging. LA stiffness was determined by measuring peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS). Left ventricular (LV) stiffness was also calculated in both groups.ResultsLA volume index was greater in athletes as compared with controls (22.6 ± 5.3 vs. 18.6 ± 6.5 mL/m, p < 0.001). LA, PALS and LA PACS were lower in athletes in comparison with controls (p < 0.05, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). The Myocardial stiffness index calculated by E/Ea/ LVEDD was lower in athletes then controls. P< 0.016).ConclusionsCompetitive athletes showed a small increase in LA volume and lower LA stiffness compared with controls. Thus, LA enlargement in the setting of the athlete's heart is not associated with increased LA stiffness. These findings further support the premise that reduced LA stiffness and increased LA volume index is associated with reduced left ventricular myocardial compliance.
Journal Article