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Fit for America : Major John L. Griffith and the quest for athletics and fitness
\"Fit for America is about the career of Major John L Griffith in relation to his involvement as a key figure in the promotion and organization of intercollegiate athletics over the first half of the twentieth century\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
An Athletic Director's Story and the Future of College Sports in America
Robert Mulcahy's chronicle of his decade leading Rutgers University athletics is an intriguing story about fulfilling a vision. The goal was to expand pride in intercollegiate athletics. Redirecting a program with clearer direction and strategic purpose brought encouraging results. Advocating for finer coaching and improved facilities, he and Rutgers achieved national honors in Division I sports. Unprecedented alumni interest and support for athletics swelled across the Rutgers community.
His words and actions were prominent during a nationally-reported incident involving student athletes. When the Rutgers Women's Basketball team players were slandered by racist remarks from a popular radio talk show host, Mulcahy met it head on. With the coach and players, he set an inspiring example for defending character and values.
Though Mr. Mulcahy left Rutgers in 2009, his memoir reflects continued devotion to intercollegiate athletics and student athletes. His insights for addressing several leading issues confronting Division I sports today offer guidelines for present and future athletic directors to follow.
eBook
Development of a Conceptual Model of Occupational Stress for Athletic Directors in Sport Contexts
Previous studies have reported that occupational stress is a determinant risk factor for both chronic diseases and job performance among organizational leaders. Every occupation has its own culture and occupational climate influencing organizations within the industries. Thus, due to the idiosyncratic features inherent in sports, athletic directors may experience different occupational stressors. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of the occupational stress in athletic director contexts. Thus, based on the literature on both occupational stress and sport leadership, this study proposes a conceptual framework of occupational stress in sport leadership. The model identifies the five higher-order themes of occupational stressors and their associations with the first-level outcomes of individuals and the second-level outcomes of organizations. It also includes the two higher-order moderators of personal and organizational factors. It is hoped that this initiative can invoke interest in this topic to provide health-enhancing environments for athletic directors and quality sport services to society.
Journal Article
Athletic Training Services in Public Secondary Schools: A Benchmark Study
Authors of the most recent study of athletic training (AT) services have suggested that only 42% of secondary schools have access to athletic trainers. However, this study was limited by a small sample size and was conducted more than 10 years ago.
To determine current AT services in public secondary schools.
Cross-sectional study.
Public secondary schools in the United States.
A total of 8509 (57%) of 14,951 secondary schools from all 50 states and Washington, DC, responded to the survey.
Data on AT services were collected for individual states, National Athletic Trainers' Association districts, and the nation.
Of the 8509 schools that responded, 70% (n = 5930) had AT services, including full-time (n = 3145, 37%), part-time (n = 2619, 31%), and per diem (n = 199, 2%) AT services, and 27% (n = 2299) had AT services from a hospital or physical therapy clinic. A total of 4075 of 8509 schools (48%) provided coverage at all sports practices. Eighty-six percent (2,394,284/2,787,595) of athletes had access to AT services.
Since the last national survey, access to AT services increased such that 70% of respondent public secondary schools provided athletic trainers at sports games or practices. Approximately one-third of all public secondary schools had full-time athletic trainers. This number must increase further to provide appropriate medical coverage at athletic practices and games for secondary school athletes.
Journal Article
Reported COVID-19 Incidence in Wisconsin High School Athletes in Fall 2020
To describe the incidence of COVID-19 in Wisconsin high school athletes and investigate the relationship of COVID-19 incidence with sport and face mask use.
Retrospective survey.
High schools across Wisconsin during September 2020.
Athletic directors representing 30 074 high school athletes with or without SARS-CoV-2.
The COVID-19 rates among athletes, counties, states, as well as school instruction type (virtual versus in person), sport type, and face mask use were assessed. Reported athlete case rates were compared with the county's general population and associations between COVID-19 incidence and sport type and face mask use, adjusting for each school's county incidence using multivariable negative binomial regression models.
The COVID-19 incidence rates for 207 of 244 responding schools were 32.6 cases per 100 000 player-days. Reported case rates for athletes in each county were positively correlated with the county's general population case rates (β = 1.14 ± 0.20, r = 0.60, P < .001). One case (0.5%) was attributed to sport contact by the reporting schools. No difference was identified between team and individual sports (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.03 [95% CI = 0.49, 2.2], P = .93) or between noncontact and contact sports (IRR = 0.53 [0.23, 1.3], P = .14). Outdoor sports had a lower incidence rate than indoor sports, although this finding did not reach statistical significance (IRR = 0.52 [0.26, 1.1], P = .07). No significant associations were found between COVID-19 incidence and face mask use during play for those sports with greater than 50 schools reporting on face mask use (P values > .05).
The incidence of reported COVID-19 among high school athletes was related to the county incidence, and most cases were attributed to nonsport contact. A lower COVID-19 incidence in outdoor sports approached statistical significance. The lack of a significant benefit demonstrated for face mask use may be due to relatively low rates of COVID-19 in Wisconsin during September 2020. Further research is needed to better define COVID-19 transmission risk factors during adolescent sport participation.
Journal Article
Does brain functional connectivity contribute to musculoskeletal injury? A preliminary prospective analysis of a neural biomarker of ACL injury risk
We aimed to present a unique prospective neurological dataset for participants who experienced an ACL injury.
Prospective longitudinal case-control.
High school female soccer athletes were evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging to capture resting-state brain connectivity prior to their competitive season. Two of these athletes later experienced an ACL injury (ACLI). We matched these ACLI participants with eight teammates who did not go on to sustain an ACL injury (uninjured controls, Con) based on age, grade, sex, height, and weight to examine differences in preseason connectivity. Knee-motor regions of interest (ROIs) were created based on previously published data from which five specific areas were selected as seeds for analysis. Independent-samples t-tests with a false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons determined differences in connectivity between the ACLI and Con.
There was significantly greater connectivity between the left primary sensory cortex (a brain region responsible for proprioception) and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum (a brain region responsible for balance and coordination) for the Con relative to ACLI, t (8)=4.53, p=0.03 (false discovery rate corrected).
These preliminary data indicate that those who do not later sustain an ACL injury exhibit a stronger functional connection between a cortical sensory-motor region and a cerebellar region responsible for balance and coordination. These findings may help to guide development of brain-driven biofeedback training that optimizes and promotes adaptive neuroplasticity to reduce motor coordination errors and injury risk.
Journal Article
The Association of COVID-19 Incidence With Sport and Face Mask Use in United States High School Athletes
The relationships among different sports, face mask use, and COVID-19 risk among high school athletes remain unknown.
To evaluate the influence of sport characteristics and face mask use on the COVID-19 incidence among high school athletes.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
US high school athletic departments.
Athletic directors.
Surveys were completed regarding sport reinitiation, COVID-19 cases, and risk-reduction procedures in fall 2020. Separate mixed-effects Poisson regression models were developed to evaluate the associations between the reported COVID-19 incidence and (1) sport characteristics (indoor versus outdoor, individual versus team, contact versus noncontact) and (2) face mask use while playing (
or
).
A total of 991 schools had restarted fall sports, representing 152 484 athletes on 5854 teams. There were 2565 reported cases of COVID-19, representing a case rate of 1682 cases per 100 000 athletes and an incidence rate of 24.6 cases per 100 000 player-days. The COVID-19 incidence was lower for outdoor versus indoor sports (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.60;
< .001) and noncontact versus contact sports (IRR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.70, 0.87;
< .001), but not team versus individual sports (IRR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.84, 1.1;
= .49). Face mask use was associated with a decreased incidence in girls' volleyball (IRR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.73;
< .001), boys' basketball (IRR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.83;
= .008), and girls' basketball (IRR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.63;
< .001) and approached statistical significance in football (IRR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.59, 1.04;
= .10) and cheer or dance (IRR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.53, 1.03;
= .081).
In this nationwide survey of high school athletes, a lower COVID-19 incidence was independently associated with participation in outdoor versus indoor and noncontact versus contact sports but not team versus individual sports. Face mask use was associated with a decreased COVID-19 incidence among indoor sports and may be protective in outdoor sports with prolonged close contact among participants.
Journal Article
DR. PAT KRAFT INTERVIEW WITH DR. ELIZABETH A. GREGG
An interview with Dr. Pat Kraft is presented. Among other things, Gregg talks about his leadership style.
Journal Article