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The Part and the Whole in Early American Literature, Print Culture, and Art
The essays in this pathbreaking collection consider the significance of varied early American fragmentary genres and practices-from diaries and poetry, to almanacs and commonplace books, to sermons and lists, to Indigenous ruins and other material shards and fragments-often overlooked by critics in a scholarly privileging of the \"whole.\" Contributors from literary studies, book history, and visual culture discuss a host of canonical and non-canonical figures, from Edward Taylor and Washington Irving to Mary Rowlandson and Sarah Kemble Knight, offering insight into the many intellectual, ideological, and material variations of \"form\" that populated the early American cultural landscape. As these essays reveal, the casting of the fragmentary as aesthetically eccentric or incomplete was a way of reckoning with concerns about the related fragmentation of nation, society, and self. For a contemporary audience, they offer new ways to think about the inevitable gaps and absences in our cultural and historical archive.
eBook
Proposal of New Safety Limits for In Vivo Experiments of Magnetic Hyperthermia Antitumor Therapy
Background: Lately, major advances in crucial aspects of magnetic hyperthermia (MH) therapy have been made (nanoparticle synthesis, biosafety, etc.). However, there is one key point still lacking improvement: the magnetic field-frequency product (H × f = 4.85 × 108 Am−1s−1) proposed by Atkinson–Brezovich as a limit for MH therapies. Herein, we analyze both local and systemic physiological effects of overpassing this limit. Methods: Different combinations of field frequency and intensity exceeding the Atkinson–Brezovich limit (591–920 kHz, and 10.3–18 kA/m) have been applied for 21 min to WAG/RijHsd male rats, randomly distributed to groups of 12 animals; half of them were sacrificed after 12 h, and the others 10 days later. Biochemical serum analyses were performed to assess the general, hepatic, renal and/or pancreatic function. Results: MH raised liver temperature to 42.8 ± 0.4 °C. Although in five of the groups the exposure was relatively well tolerated, in the two of highest frequency (928 kHz) and intensity (18 kA/m), more than 50% of the animals died. A striking elevation in liver and systemic markers was observed after 12 h in the surviving animals, independently of the frequency and intensity used. Ten days later, liver markers were almost recovered in all of the animals. However, in those groups exposed to 591 kHz and 16 kA/m, and 700 kHz and 13.7 kA/m systemic markers remained altered. Conclusions: Exceeding the Atkinson–Brezovich limit up to 9.59 × 109 Am−1s−1 seems to be safe, though further research is needed to understand the impact of intensity and/or frequency on physiological conditions following MH.
Journal Article
Performance Optimizations with Single-, Bi-, Tri-, and Quadru-Objective for Irreversible Atkinson Cycle with Nonlinear Variation of Working Fluid’s Specific Heat
Considering nonlinear variation of working fluid’s specific heat with its temperature, finite-time thermodynamic theory is applied to analyze and optimize the characteristics of an irreversible Atkinson cycle. Through numerical calculations, performance relationships between cycle dimensionless power density versus compression ratio and dimensionless power density versus thermal efficiency are obtained, respectively. When the design parameters take certain specific values, the performance differences of reversible, endoreversible and irreversible Atkinson cycles are compared. The maximum specific volume ratio, maximum pressure ratio, and thermal efficiency under the conditions of the maximum power output and maximum power density are compared. Based on NSGA-II, the single-, bi-, tri-, and quadru-objective optimizations are performed when the compression ratio is used as the optimization variable, and the cycle dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless ecological function, and dimensionless power density are used as the optimization objectives. The deviation indexes are obtained based on LINMAP, TOPSIS, and Shannon entropy solutions under different combinations of optimization objectives. By comparing the deviation indexes of bi-, tri- and quadru-objective optimization and the deviation indexes of single-objective optimizations based on maximum power output, maximum thermal efficiency, maximum ecological function and maximum power density, it is found that the deviation indexes of multi-objective optimization are smaller, and the solution of multi-objective optimization is desirable. The comparison results show that when the LINMAP solution is optimized with the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, and dimensionless power density as the objective functions, the deviation index is 0.1247, and this optimization objective combination is the most ideal.
Journal Article
Bright Fields
Bright Fields is a comprehensive and deeply intimate exploration of the life and work of Mississippi-born artist Marie Hull (1890–1980). Her paintings reflect a nine-decade journey of search, thought, and growth. She produced some of the most memorable and iconic works ever created by a southern artist. This elegant and exquisitely detailed book contains over two hundred newly photographed reproductions of the artist's finest works, many never before seen by the public. Hull was born in a small town near Jackson at a time when women were not allowed to vote and were denied many career opportunities. This did not deter Hull from a constant \"search for quality\" both in her life and in her art. She studied with some of the most important artists of her day, including William Merritt Chase, in Philadelphia, New York, and Europe. She won major national competitions and awards and was exhibited in some of the world's most prestigious art exhibitions and shows in the United States, Europe, and East Asia. During the Depression, Hull created a series of paintings depicting African Americans and local sharecroppers that is considered one of the most significant contributions to regionalist art in the country's history. These important, deeply moving works place her among the forefront of the great American portraitists. Three decades later, in her seventies, Hull would reveal her remarkable ability to evolve again, this time into one of the most significant abstract painters of the South. In her powerful, brilliantly colorful late works, she combines her mastery of landscape painting with a unique, persuasive synthesis of ideas from such artists as Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, and Hans Hofmann. Today, Hull's works are exhibited in museums and prestigious private collections throughout the country. Bright Fields expands our knowledge of the painter's remarkable life and work, illustrating why Hull's unique vision and tremendous creativity had, and continues to have, such a profound impact on art in the South and beyond.
eBook
Power and efficiency optimizations of Maisotsenko-Atkinson, Dual and Miller cycles and performance comparisons with corresponding traditional cycles
Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) has been combined with some cooling and power cycles, and behaves important thermodynamic advantage. Finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) is applied to establish three endoreversible models of M-Atkinson, M-Dual and M-Miller cycles. They are performed based on models of endoreversible Atkinson, Dual and Miller cycles by combing FTT model with M-cycle concept. Power output (POW) and thermal efficiency (TEF) of those M-cycles are studied and optimized by numerical calculations. The maximum power output (MPO) and the corresponding pressure ratio and TEF, the maximum TEF and the corresponding pressure ratio and POW, as well as optimal ranges of pressure ratio are obtained. Effects of mass flow rate of circulating water injection, initial cycle temperature and maximum cycle temperature on cycle POW, TEF and optimal pressure ratio range are analyzed. The optimal performances of the three M-cycles are compared with those of traditional Atkinson, Dual and Miller cycles under the same conditions. The results show that for the three M-cycles, end temperature of adiabatic expansion process of M-cycle is less than that of the corresponding traditional cycle, POW and TEF at arbitrary pressure ratio of M-cycle are much higher than those of the corresponding traditional cycle, and performance characteristics of M-cycles are superior to those of the corresponding traditional cycles.
Journal Article