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Race in Translation
While the term \"culture wars\" often designates the heated
arguments in the English-speaking world spiraling around race, the
canon, and affirmative action, in fact these discussions have raged
in diverse sites and languages. Race in Translation charts the
transatlantic traffic of the debates within and between three
zones-the U.S., France, and Brazil. Stam and Shohat trace the
literal and figurative translation of these multidirectional
intellectual debates, seen most recently in the emergence of
postcolonial studies in France, and whiteness studies in Brazil.
The authors also interrogate an ironic convergence whereby rightist
politicians like Sarkozy and Cameron join hands with some leftist
intellectuals like Benn Michaels, Žižek, and Bourdieu in condemning
\"multiculturalism\" and \"identity politics.\" At once a report from
various \"fronts\" in the culture wars, a mapping of the germane
literatures, and an argument about methods of reading the
cross-border movement of ideas, the book constitutes a major
contribution to our understanding of the Diasporic and the
Transnational.
eBook
A nation upon the ocean sea : Portugal's Atlantic diaspora and the crisis of the Spanish Empire, 1492-1640
With the opening of sea routes in the 15th century, groups of men and women left Portugal to establish themselves across the ports and cities of the Atlantic or Ocean Sea. They were refugees and migrants, traders and mariners, Jews, Catholics, and the Marranos of mixed Judaic-Catholic culture. They formed a diasporic community known by contemporaries as the Portuguese Nation. By the early 17th century, this nation without a state had created a remarkable trading network that spanned the Atlantic, reached into the Indian Ocean and Asia, and generated millions of pesos that were used to bankroll the Spanish Empire. This book traces the story of the Portuguese Nation from its emergence in the late 15th century to its fragmentation in the middle of the 17th, and situates it in relation to the parallel expansion and crisis of Spanish imperial dominion in the Atlantic. Against the backdrop of this relationship, the book reconstitutes the rich inner life of a community based on movement, maritime trade, and cultural hybridity. We are introduced to mariners and traders in such disparate places as Lima, Seville and Amsterdam, their day-to-day interactions and understandings, their houses and domestic relations, private reflections and public arguments. This account reveals how the Portuguese Nation created a cohesive and meaningful community despite the mobility and dispersion of its members; how its forms of sociability fed into the development of robust transatlantic commercial networks; and how the day-to-day experience of trade was translated into the sphere of Spanish imperial politics as merchants of the Portuguese Nation took up the pen to advocate a program of commercial reform based on religious-ethnic toleration and the liberalization of trade.
eBook
Empires of the Atlantic World
This epic history compares the empires built by Spain and Britain in the Americas, from Columbus's arrival in the New World to the end of Spanish colonial rule in the early nineteenth century. J. H. Elliott, one of the most distinguished and versatile historians working today, offers us history on a grand scale, contrasting the worlds built by Britain and by Spain on the ruins of the civilizations they encountered and destroyed in North and South America.Elliott identifies and explains both the similarities and differences in the two empires' processes of colonization, the character of their colonial societies, their distinctive styles of imperial government, and the independence movements mounted against them. Based on wide reading in the history of the two great Atlantic civilizations, the book sets the Spanish and British colonial empires in the context of their own times and offers us insights into aspects of this dual history that still influence the Americas.
eBook
Atlantic studies : prospects and challenges
\"In a work of critical reflection and innovation, William Boelhower examines the cultural shift represented by the new paradigm of Atlantic studies, a discipline that emerged equally from an older Atlantic history, defined by imperial traditions, and a newer, critical front of postcolonial and cultural studies. Divided into three sections, Atlantic Studies: Prospects and Challenges offers a critical survey of the field that also proposes new horizons for inquiry and critique. Part 1, \"Concepts and Genealogy,\" analyzes the interdisciplinary methodologies that emerged to approach the Atlantic world in a larger, circum-Atlantic context, studying the exchanges of peoples and cultures instead of rigidly defined national and international boundaries. Part 2, \"Case Studies across the Humanities,\" offers new readings of three well-known literary texts--Shakespeare's The Tempest, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, and Frederick Douglass's \"The Heroic Slave\"--as exemplars of how an Atlantic studies perspective acknowledges spatial and cultural dimensions that disrupt the traditional scales of national literatures. Part 3, \"The Cartographic Challenge,\" foregrounds the new expertise that went into the mapping of the Atlantic world as it emerged in the early modern period, focusing on maps drawn in the late 1400s and early 1500s, travel literature, and the genres of utopia and shipwreck. Boelhower argues for the importance of analyzing cartographic practices and strategies to understand how they shaped the visual and textual representations of the Atlantic world. Written by one of the founders of the discipline, Atlantic Studies: Prospects and Challenges offers both an accessible overview of the field and an engaging reflection on the challenges it faces going forward\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Collecting Across Cultures
In the early modern age more people traveled farther than at any earlier time in human history. Many returned home with stories of distant lands and at least some of the objects they collected during their journeys. And those who did not travel eagerly acquired wondrous materials that arrived from faraway places. Objects traveled various routes-personal, imperial, missionary, or trade-and moved not only across space but also across cultures. Histories of the early modern global culture of collecting have focused for the most part on EuropeanWunderkammern, or \"cabinets of curiosities.\" But the passion for acquiring unfamiliar items rippled across many lands. The court in Java marveled at, collected, and displayed myriad goods brought through its halls. African princes traded captured members of other African groups so they could get the newest kinds of cloth produced in Europe. Native Americans sought colored glass beads made in Europe, often trading them to other indigenous groups. Items changed hands and crossed cultural boundaries frequently, often gaining new and valuable meanings in the process. An object that might have seemed mundane in some cultures could become a target of veneration in another. The fourteen essays inCollecting Across Culturesrepresent work by an international group of historians, art historians, and historians of science. Each author explores a specific aspect of the cross-cultural history of collecting and display from the dawn of the sixteenth century to the early decades of the nineteenth century. As the essays attest, an examination of early modern collecting in cross-cultural contexts sheds light on the creative and complicated ways in which objects in collections served to create knowledge-some factual, some fictional-about distant peoples in an increasingly transnational world.
eBook
The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade
During the era of the Atlantic slave trade, vibrant port cities became home to thousands of Africans in transit. Free and enslaved blacks alike crafted the necessary materials to support transoceanic commerce and labored as stevedores, carters, sex workers, and boarding-house keepers. Even though Africans continued to be exchanged as chattel, urban frontiers allowed a number of enslaved blacks to negotiate the right to hire out their own time, often greatly enhancing their autonomy within the Atlantic commercial system. InThe Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade, eleven original essays by leading scholars from the United States, Europe, and Latin America chronicle the black experience in Atlantic ports, providing a rich and diverse portrait of the ways in which Africans experienced urban life during the era of plantation slavery. Describing life in Portugal, Brazil, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Africa, this volume illuminates the historical identity, agency, and autonomy of the African experience as well as the crucial role Atlantic cities played in the formation of diasporic cultures. By shifting focus away from plantations, this volume poses new questions about the nature of slavery in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, illustrating early modern urban spaces as multiethnic sites of social connectivity, cultural incubation, and political negotiation. Contributors: Trevor Burnard, Mariza de Carvalho Soares, Matt D. Childs, Kevin Dawson, Roquinaldo Ferreira, David Geggus, Jane Landers, Robin Law, David Northrup, João José Reis, James H. Sweet, Nicole von Germeten.
eBook