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"Atmospheric turbulence"
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Air turbulence and its methods of detection
\"The book is a concise guide dealing with the subject of air turbulence and its methods of detection with particular applications to aviation turbulence. It begins with a general description of turbulence and provides a background into the nature and causes of atmospheric turbulence that affects aircraft motion, giving updates on the state-of-the-art research on clear air turbulence (CAT). Important physical processes leading to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, a primary producer of CAT, are also explained. The several categories of CAT along with its impact on commercial aviation are also presented in a separate chapter, with particular emphasis on the structural damages to planes and injury trends. The central part of the book describes both the earlier and the latest CAT detecting methods and techniques for remote and in situ sensing and forecasting. A concise presentation of new technologies for reducing aviation weather-related accidents is also offered. A chapter on the weather accident prevention project of the NASA aviation safety program is also included. Additionally, the book ends with a full description of the recent research activities on CAT and future challenges in turbulence detection, prediction and avoidance. Since atmospheric turbulence is a major hazard in the aviation industry that may cause serious injuries to passengers and crew, understanding the generation mechanisms of CAT is of fundamental importance for the development of new forecasting algorithms that will help reducing the impact of CAT on the aviation industry. Air Turbulence and Its Methods of Detection offers a concise presentation of the most recent advances in the understanding of air turbulence generation along with the more recent CAT detection and warning methods, making it a valuable tool for researchers and engineers working in the dynamics, detection and prediction of CAT\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Coherent Doppler Wind Lidars in a Turbulent Atmosphere
Radiophysical tools for measuring atmospheric dynamics include sodars, Doppler radars, and Doppler lidars. Among these, coherent Doppler lidars (CDLs) have been considered the best for remote measurement of wind turbulence. This is important not only for understanding the exchange processes in the boundary layer, but also in the applied aspect, such as aviation safety. CDLs significantly extend possibilities of experimental investigation of not only wind turbulence, but also coherent structures such as aircraft wake vortices. The authors of this book conducted field tests of the developed methods of lidar measurements of the wind velocity, atmospheric turbulence parameters, and aircraft wake vortices. This valuable resource, containing over 500 equations based on original results from the authors' work, gives professionals a comprehensive description of the operating principles of continuous wave and pulsed coherent Doppler lidars. This book studies the possibilities of obtaining information about wind turbulence from data measured by continuous wave and pulsed CDLs.
eBook
Meteorology for wind energy : an introduction
Most practitioners within wind energy have only a very basic knowledge about meteorology, leading to a lack of understanding of one of the most fundamental subjects in wind energy. This book will therefore provide an easy-to-understand introduction to the subject of meteorology, as seen from the viewpoint of wind energy. Catering for a range of academic backgrounds, the book is mathematically rigorous with accessible explanations for non-mathematically oriented readers. Through exercises in the text and at the end of each chapter the reader will be challenged to think, seek further information and practice the knowledge obtained from reading the book. This practical yet comprehensive reference will enable readers to fully understand the theoretical background of meteorology with wind energy in mind and will include topics such as: measurements; wind profiles; wakes; modelling; turbulence and the fundamentals of atmospheric flow on all scales including the local scale. Key features: • Provides practitioners of wind energy with a solid theoretical grounding in relevant aspects of meteorology enabling them to exercise useful judgment in matters related to resource estimation, wind farm development, planning, turbine design and electrical grids. • Supports a growing area of professional development with the increasing importance of wind energy estimation in all aspects of electrical energy production from wind. • Accompanying website includes data sets for exercises in data analysis, photographs, animations & worked examples, helping to further bridge the gap between theory and practice. Meteorology for Wind Energy: An Introduction is aimed at engineers, developers and project managers in the wind power and electrical utility sectors without the essential theoretical background required to understand the topic. It will also have significant appeal to senior undergraduate and postgraduate students of Wind Energy, Environmental Studies or Renewables Studies.
eBook
Advancing Clear-Air Turbulence Detection with Hybrid Predictive Models for a Regional Aviation Corridor in Southeast Brazil
Severe clear-air turbulence (CAT) remains a relevant hazard to aviation safety, often occurring without visible atmospheric indicators. This study presents a hybrid forecasting framework that integrates Global Forecast System outputs with machine-learning algorithms to predict severe CAT events over Southeast Brazil. To enhance predictive performance and reduce model complexity, a statistically grounded dimensionality reduction approach based on p-value filtering and false discovery rate control was applied, resulting in a compact set of physically interpretable predictors. Several machine-learning classifiers were then evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis to assess their predictive skill. The results show that relatively simple models can achieve strong discrimination when combined with rigorous feature selection, outperforming baseline turbulence diagnostics. These findings highlight the value of combining physically consistent diagnostics with data-driven approaches for regional severe CAT forecasting. Overall, the proposed framework provides an efficient and adaptable strategy that can support improved turbulence awareness and contribute to enhanced aviation safety.
Journal Article
Jointly Detecting Atmospheric Turbulence and Recognizing OAM Modes Via a Residual Network
In this work, a deep learning approach for the orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based free-space optical (FSO) system is proposed. The approach based on a residual network (ResNet), jointly recognizes the OAM modes and detects the atmospheric turbulence (AT) strength by training the intensity images of vortex beams transmitted over a computer-simulated turbulent channel. We investigate the capability of this ResNet model through several factors, which are the AT sets, the number of single OAM modes, and transmission distance. Compared to the traditional convolutional neural network based method, the simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve better performance. Specifically, the detection accuracy is
98.24
%
for 7 kinds of ATs, and for the recognition of OAM modes, the accuracy of ResNet is
97.57
%
for the 4-OAM system. The proposed ResNet-based method may help improve the FSO communication system performance.
Journal Article
Block error rate of optical wireless communication systems over atmospheric turbulence channels
Block error rate performance of subcarrier intensity modulation based optical wireless communication systems is analysed over Gamma–Gamma and lognormal atmospheric turbulence channels. The analysis is applicable to non-coherent binary modulations and coherent binary phase shift keying. The special cases of K-distributed strong turbulence channel and negative exponential turbulence channel are also considered. The closed-form expressions of block error rate in the Gamma–Gamma turbulence channels are derived using a series expansion of the modified Bessel function. For the lognormal turbulence channels, the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature method can be used to estimate the block error rate accurately.
Journal Article
The importance of meteorological phenomena in aviation
Atmospheric turbulence, a common phenomenon encountered in aviation, can significantly impact the comfort and safety of the flight crew and the aircraft. This article examines the causes of turbulence, its impact on flight dynamics, and the current strategies used to minimize its effects. We discuss different types of turbulence, their occurrence patterns, and the technologies used in detecting and managing turbulent conditions. By understanding these factors, the aviation industry aims to enhance flight safety and flight crew comfort.
Journal Article