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The article presents a calculation method for the shape of the ultrasonic atomizer surface. The parameters influencing the shape of the spray torch and its performance are considered. Ultrasonic emitters are manufactured according to the obtained calculation formulas and their main technical characteristics are obtained. The developed calculation method allows creating multifunctional ultrasonic atomizers capable of solving various technological problems.

The article is devoted to the development of a sprayer based on the method of simultaneous hydrodynamic and ultrasonic influence on the flow of sprayed liquid. The proposed spraying method makes it possible to increase spraying productivity while reducing the size of aerosol droplets. By establishing optimal conditions, with a nozzle diameter of 0.7 mm, an ultrasonic tool diameter of 8 mm and an excess pressure of the sprayed liquid of 0.7 MPa, the atomizer provides a productivity of 9 ml/s and forms an aerosol with droplet sizes D 32 = 40 μm. This is primarily due to the establishment of the optimal operating mode and conditions in the cavitation zone, which make it possible to ensure the highest quantitative concentration of cavitation bubbles.

This study investigates the acoustic fountain phenomenon in dilute PEO solutions with viscoelasticity. Three forms of steady-state fountain—weak, intermediate, and highly forced fountains—were observed. Results show that under the same sound intensity, PEO solutions produce smaller fountains. Four developmental stages of unsteady fountains were recorded, and drop chain sizes were found unaffected by viscoelasticity. Unlike water fountains, PEO fountains rarely break or atomize, maintaining structural integrity. These findings provide data support for practical applications and suggest new research directions.

We show H₂O₂ is spontaneously produced from pure water by atomizing bulk water into microdroplets (1 μm to 20 μm in diameter). Production of H₂O₂, as assayed by H₂O₂-sensitve fluorescence dye peroxyfluor-1, increased with decreasing microdroplet size. Cleavage of 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid and conversion of phenylboronic acid to phenols in microdroplets further confirmed the generation of H₂O₂. The generated H₂O₂ concentration was ∼30 μM (∼1 part per million) as determined by titration with potassium titanium oxalate. Changing the spray gas to O₂ or bubbling O₂ decreased the yield of H₂O₂ in microdroplets, indicating that pure water microdroplets directly generate H₂O₂ without help from O₂ either in air surrounding the droplet or dissolved in water. We consider various possible mechanisms for H₂O₂ formation and report a number of different experiments exploring this issue. We suggest that hydroxyl radical (OH) recombination is the most likely source, in which OH is generated by loss of an electron from OH̄ at or near the surface of the water microdroplet. This catalystfree and voltage-free H₂O₂ production method provides innovative opportunities for green production of hydrogen peroxide.

We extend the theory of atomized semilattices to the infinite setting. We show that it is well-defined and that every semilattice is atomizable. We also study atom redundancy, focusing on complete and finitely generated semilattices and show that for finitely generated semilattices, atomizations consisting exclusively of non-redundant atoms always exist.

Modern GPU clusters, particularly those built on NVIDIA's Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) architecture, often suffer from inefficiencies because jobs are treated as rigid, indivisible blocks that occupy a fixed slice until completion. The reliance on static peak memory estimates exacerbates fragmentation, underutilization, and job rejections. We propose Scheduler-Driven Job Atomization (SJA), a new paradigm that establishes a bidirectional interaction between scheduler and jobs. In SJA, the scheduler advertises available execution gaps, and jobs respond by signaling interest if they can potentially generate a subjob that fits the offered time-capacity window. The scheduler may collect multiple signals for the same slot and, based on its allocation policy (e.g., fairness, efficiency, or SLA priorities), selects which job is granted the slot. Only then does the chosen job materialize a safe, self-contained subjob tailored to that opportunity. Unlike migration or preemption, SJA proactively shapes workloads before execution, thereby avoiding costly state transfers and unpredictable interruptions. It aims to increase GPU utilization, reduce wait times, and minimize migration overhead by aligning jobs with opportunities in real time, ensuring that each admitted subjob is correct by construction. This paper is presented as a concept paper: it introduces the paradigm, defines its building blocks, and outlines future research directions, rather than offering a full experimental evaluation.

This work is described a method for indirectly controlling the height of the film of sprayed material on the oscillating surface of ultrasonic atomizer by changing the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator. The relevance of the development of this method is due to the need for the development and widespread use of the ultrasonic spraying method to solve the most pressing problems of modern industry. In this regard, there is a need to establish the dependences of the spraying performance on the height of the film of sprayed fluid on the oscillating plane of the atomizer and to create, based on the identified dependencies, a method for controlling and maintaining the necessary and sufficient height of the fluid film, the spraying of which will provide the best dispersion characteristics of the generated aerosol at a given spraying performance. As a result of the research, it was shown that in the operating range of film height of the sprayed fluid, the change in the resonant frequency can reach 100 Hz, which is sufficient to control the film height. This made it possible for the first time to develop a method for automatically controlling the ultrasonic spraying process, ensuring the maintenance of optimal modes of ultrasonic exposure (amplitude of vibrations of the spray surface) and the thickness of the sprayed fluid height.

The thermodynamic behaviors of electronic atomizer during the multi-puffing process have an important influence on the product performances. Exploring the thermodynamic mechanisms behind the vaporization phenomena is helpful for engineers and consumers to understand electronic atomizer. The theoretical modelling and simulation of the multi-puffing process for the electronic atomizer were carried out in this study. During 1∼10 puffing number, the mass fraction of propylene glycol in the residual e-liquid reduced when the puffing number increased. Meanwhile, the mass fraction of vegetable glycerin in the residual e-liquid increased gradually. The total particulate matter of aerosol generated from the electronic atomizer decreased with the puffing number increasing. The maximum vaporization temperatures of the residual e-liquid rose gradually in the multi-puffing process.

The large-scale structure of many turbulent flows encountered in practical situations such as aeronautics, industry, meteorology is nowadays successfully computed using the Kolmogorov–Kármán–Howarth energy cascade picture. This theory appears increasingly inaccurate when going down the energy cascade that terminates through intermittent spots of energy dissipation, at variance with the assumed homogeneity. This is problematic for the modelling of all processes that depend on small scales of turbulence, such as combustion instabilities or droplet atomization in industrial burners or cloud formation. This paper explores a paradigm shift where the homogeneity hypothesis is replaced by the assumption that turbulence contains singularities, as suggested by Onsager. This paradigm leads to a weak formulation of the Kolmogorov–Kármán–Howarth–Monin equation (WKHE) that allows taking into account explicitly the presence of singularities and their impact on the energy transfer and dissipation. It provides a local in scale, space and time description of energy transfers and dissipation, valid for any inhomogeneous, anisotropic flow, under any type of boundary conditions. The goal of this article is to discuss WKHE as a tool to get a new description of energy cascades and dissipation that goes beyond Kolmogorov and allows the description of small-scale intermittency. It puts the problem of intermittency and dissipation in turbulence into a modern framework, compatible with recent mathematical advances on the proof of Onsager’s conjecture.

Dual atom catalysts, bridging single atom and metal/alloy nanoparticle catalysts, offer more opportunities to enhance the kinetics and multifunctional performance of oxygen reduction/evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions. However, the rational design of efficient multifunctional dual atom catalysts remains a blind area and is challenging. In this study, we achieved controllable regulation from Co nanoparticles to CoN 4 single atoms to Co 2 N 5 dual atoms using an atomization and sintering strategy via an N-stripping and thermal-migrating process. More importantly, this strategy could be extended to the fabrication of 22 distinct dual atom catalysts. In particular, the Co 2 N 5 dual atom with tailored spin states could achieve ideally balanced adsorption/desorption of intermediates, thus realizing superior multifunctional activity. In addition, it endows Zn-air batteries with long-term stability for 800 h, allows water splitting to continuously operate for 1000 h, and can enable solar-powered water splitting systems with uninterrupted large-scale hydrogen production throughout day and night. This universal and scalable strategy provides opportunities for the controlled design of efficient multifunctional dual atom catalysts in energy conversion technologies. This work developed a class of dual atom materials that can act as efficient and stable catalysts for multifunctional catalytic reactions in an uninterrupted water splitting system.