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"Atrocities-History"
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The colonel who would not repent : the Bangladesh war and its unquiet legacy
Bangladesh was once East Pakistan, the predominantly Muslim nation carved out of the Indian subcontinent when it gained independence from Britain in 1947. As religion alone could not keep East Pakistan and West Pakistan together, Bengali-speaking East Pakistan fought for and achieved liberation in 1971. Coups and assassinations followed, and two decades later it completed its long, tumultuous transition to parliamentary government. Its history is complex and tragic - one of war, natural disaster, starvation, corruption, and political instability.
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Theatres Of Violence
Massacres and mass killings have always marked if not shaped the history of the world and as such are subjects of increasing interest among historians. The premise underlying this collection is that massacres were an integral, if not accepted part (until quite recently) of warfare, and that they were often fundamental to the colonizing process in the early modern and modern worlds. Making a deliberate distinction between 'massacre' and 'genocide', the editors call for an entirely separate and new subject under the rubric of 'Massacre Studies', dealing with mass killings that are not genocidal in intent. This volume offers a reflection on the nature of mass killings and extreme violence across regions and across centuries, and brings together a wide range of approaches and case studies.
eBook
The Spanish holocaust : inquisition and extermination in twentieth-century Spain
Long neglected by European historians, the unspeakable atrocities of Franco's Spain are finally brought to tragic light in this definitive work by Paul Preston, the world's foremost historian of 20th-century Spain.
BOOK
Victims and Survivors of Nazi Human Experiments
While the coerced human experiments are notorious among all the atrocities under National Socialism, they have been marginalised by mainstream historians. This book seeks to remedy the marginalisation, and to place the experiments in the context of the broad history of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Paul Weindling bases this study on the reconstruction of a victim group through individual victims’ life histories, and by weaving the victims’ experiences collectively together in terms of different groupings, especially gender, ethnicity and religion, age, and nationality. The timing of the experiments, where they occurred, how many victims there were, and who they were, is analysed, as are hitherto under-researched aspects such as Nazi anatomy and executions. The experiments are also linked, more broadly, to major elements in the dynamic and fluid Nazi power structure and the implementation of racial policies. The approach is informed by social history from below, exploring both the rationales and motives of perpetrators, but assessing these critically in the light of victim narratives.
eBook
Final Solutions
Benjamin A. Valentino finds that ethnic hatreds or
discrimination, undemocratic systems of government, and
dysfunctions in society play a much smaller role in mass killing
and genocide than is commonly assumed. He shows that the impetus
for mass killing usually originates from a relatively small group
of powerful leaders and is often carried out without the active
support of broader society. Mass killing, in his view, is a brutal
political or military strategy designed to accomplish leaders' most
important objectives, counter threats to their power, and solve
their most difficult problems.
In order to capture the full scope of mass killing during the
twentieth century, Valentino does not limit his analysis to
violence directed against ethnic groups, or to the attempt to
destroy victim groups as such, as do most previous studies of
genocide. Rather, he defines mass killing broadly as the
intentional killing of a massive number of noncombatants, using the
criteria of 50,000 or more deaths within five years as a
quantitative standard.
Final Solutions focuses on three types of mass killing:
communist mass killings like the ones carried out in the Soviet
Union, China, and Cambodia; ethnic genocides as in Armenia, Nazi
Germany, and Rwanda; and \"counter-guerrilla\" campaigns including
the brutal civil war in Guatemala and the Soviet occupation of
Afghanistan. Valentino closes the book by arguing that attempts to
prevent mass killing should focus on disarming and removing from
power the leaders and small groups responsible for instigating and
organizing the killing.
eBook
America's use of terror : from Colonial times to the A-bomb
\"\"Terrorism\" is generally defined as the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, as a means to achieve political aims. American Exceptionalism--the belief that we are morally better than other nations, a \"shining city on a hill\" whose beams radiate into the world--precludes that we would engage in that kind of behavior. Doesn't it? Stephen Huggins doesn't think so. In America's Use of Terror he argues that, although Americans view themselves as the victims of terrorism and their political leaders disparage terrorist acts as cowardly and despicable, the United States has historically used acts of violence against noncombatants to induce terror and further its political objectives. He investigates historical examples from the Colonial period through World War II that illustrate the conflict between the United States' claims of exceptional moral standards and its frequent use of terror to influence civilian behavior. Huggins claims that the tension between the United States' supposed disdain for terror and its frequent use of it is \"a coarse thread of hypocrisy\" running through our nation's history\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Humanity : a moral history of the twentieth century
Renowned moral philosopher Jonathan Glover confronts the brutal history of the twentieth century to unravel the mystery of why so many atrocities occurred. In a new preface, Glover brings the book through the post-9/11 era and into our own time—and asks whether humankind can \"weaken the grip war has on us.\"Praise for the first edition:“It is hard to imagine a more important book. Glover makes an overwhelming case for the need to understand our own inhumanity, and reduce or eliminate the ways in which it can express itself—and he then begins the task himself. Humanity is an extraordinary achievement.”—Peter Singer, Princeton University“This is an extraordinary book: brilliant, haunting and uniquely important. Almost 40 years ago a president read a best seller and avoided a holocaust. I like to think that some of the leaders and followers of tomorrow will read Humanity.”—Steven Pinker, New York Times Book Review
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