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"Attitude change"
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Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes
Using 4.4 million tests of implicit and explicit attitudes measured continuously from an Internet population of U.S. respondents over 13 years, we conducted the first comparative analysis using time-series models to examine patterns of long-term change in six social-group attitudes: sexual orientation, race, skin tone, age, disability, and body weight. Even within just a decade, all explicit responses showed change toward attitude neutrality. Parallel implicit responses also showed change toward neutrality for sexual orientation, race, and skin-tone attitudes but revealed stability over time for age and disability attitudes and change away from neutrality for body-weight attitudes. These data provide previously unavailable evidence for long-term implicit attitude change and stability across multiple social groups; the data can be used to generate and test theoretical predictions as well as construct forecasts of future attitudes.
Journal Article
The influential mind : what the brain reveals about our power to change others
\"We all have a duty to affect others--from the classroom to the boardroom to social media. But how skilled are we at this role, and can we become better? It turns out that many of our instincts--from relying on facts and figures to shape opinions, to insisting others are wrong or attempting to exert control--are ineffective, because they are incompatible with how peoples minds operate. Sharot shows us how to avoid these pitfalls, and how an attempt to change beliefs and actions is successful when it is well-matched with the core elements that govern the human brain\"--Amazon.com.
Book
The Role of Supervisor Support and Change Information in Determining Behavioral Attitudes Toward Change in an Academic Setting: Empirical Validation of Intra-Organizational Dynamics Using IPMA Analysis
In today’s dynamic academic environment, successful intra-organizational change is not only important but necessary to confront evolving educational needs and technological advancements. The institutions with systemic strategies that also create a supportive environment allow staff to fight through transitions as they persist for the long term and spur innovation. Using social exchange theory, this study investigates how the resources (supervisor support and change information) provided by the institution will influence the academic staff to adopt a positive behavioral attitude toward change. The study employed a survey methodology to gather data from teaching faculty (n = 403) in Telangana, which Smart-PLS version 4.0 then analyzed. Results indicate that supervisor support (SS) influenced employees’ behavioral attitudes toward change and that change information (CI) had no direct effects. However, the effect of change information is fully mediated by affective and cognitive attitudes and partially mediated by supervisor support and behavior. Furthermore, Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) analysis reveals that change information, the most effective construct for positive behavioral attitudes, receives the least importance in this study context. Likewise, cognitive attitude is the most significant and comparatively effective construct. Therefore, the results of the investigation strongly indicate that supervisory assistance and information regarding change are crucial for fostering positive behavioral attitudes among employees during the transition. Management should also focus their efforts on training, support, and transparent communication to more easily identify potential avenues for exploration. Engaging organizational psychologists is crucial for managing staff emotions and promoting intra-organizational change in a more positive mindset.
Plain language summary
This article explores the impact of change process components, such as change information (CI) and supervisor support (SS), on the behavioral attitudes of academic staff. It achieves this by sequentially linking affective and cognitive attitudes. This research aims to gain insight into how change process factors affect behavior via affective and cognitive attitudes, and it is the first to use the multidimensional construct “attitude toward change” in an academic context. Furthermore, this study focuses on the mediation effects of affective and cognitive attitudes toward intra-organizational change, which helps comprehend the link between change process components and positive behavioral attitudes.
Journal Article
Lateral attitude change: displacement effects as a reaction to blatant social influence
According to the lateral attitude change (LAC) model, lateral (i.e., indirect) attitude change may occur in the absence of focal (i.e., direct) attitude change. To examine such
displacement effects
, we asked 124 participants to assume a teacher’s role and grade two moderately good essays. They graded the first essay once before and once after they learned the (very good vs. very poor) grade the essay had allegedly received by a professor. Given that the professor’s grade represented a blatant, disproportionate influence attempt, we hypothesized focal resistance (i.e., no attitude change toward the first essay) but a displacement effect (i.e., attitude change toward the second essay). Instead of displacement, results indicated generalization (focal and lateral effects). However, among participants who had resisted the influence attempt (
n
= 65), a displacement pattern was observed. Implications for the LAC model are discussed.
Journal Article
How minds change : the surprising science of belief, opinion, and persuasion
\"In this lively journey through human psychology, bestselling author and creator of the You Are Not So Smart podcast David McRaney investigates how minds change-and how to change minds. What made a prominent conspiracy-theorist YouTuber finally see that 9/11 was not a hoax? How do voter opinions shift from neutral to resolute? Can widespread social change only take place when a generation dies out? From one of our greatest thinkers on reasoning, HOW MINDS CHANGE is a book about the science, and the experience, of transformation. When self-delusion expert and psychology nerd David McRaney began a book about how to change someone's mind in one conversation, he never expected to change his own. But then a diehard 9/11 Truther's conversion blew up his theories-inspiring him to ask not just how to persuade, but why we believe, from the eye of the beholder. Delving into the latest research of psychologists and neuroscientists, HOW MINDS CHANGE explores the limits of reasoning, the power of groupthink, and the effects of deep canvassing. Told with McRaney's trademark sense of humor, compassion, and scientific curiosity, it's an eye-opening journey among cult members, conspiracy theorists, and political activists--from Westboro Baptist Church picketers to LGBTQ campaigners in California-that ultimately challenges us to question our own motives and beliefs. In an age of dangerous conspiratorial thinking, can we rise to the occasion with empathy? An expansive, big-hearted journalistic narrative, HOW MINDS CHANGE reaches surprising and thought-provoking conclusions, to demonstrate the rare but transformative circumstances under which minds can change\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Numerical research on slamming characteristics of aircraft landing on water
In order to investigate the impact characteristic of an aircraft landing on water, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is conducted to explore the slamming characteristics of the NACA TN 2929 A model. The flow around the model is solved by using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport (SST)
k — ω
turbulence model, based on finite volume method (FVM). The free surface is captured by using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the aircraft impact process is realized with help of overset mesh technology. Then, the effects of horizontal and vertical velocities and initial pitch angle on the slamming load, attitude change, impact pressure and flow field evolution are investigated. The results reveal that the horizontal velocity has a considerable influence on whether the aircraft’s horizontal tail hits the water, and further affects the maximum vertical load as well as the maximum pitch angle throughout the impact process. The vertical velocity determines the slamming load before the horizontal tail strikes the water, while the horizontal velocity has a significant effect on the load after the horizontal tail hits the water. A smaller initial pitch angle results in not only a heavier slamming load but also a more dramatic change of the posture after the aircraft impacts the water. The impact pressure of the aircraft is maximized at the junction of the approaching surface of the fuselage and the free surface. In some cases, the pressure is also concentrated on the undersurface of the horizontal tail.
Journal Article
Stick with it : a scientifically proven process for changing your life--for good
\"Whether it's absent-minded mistakes at work, a weakness for junk food, a smartphone addiction, or a lack of exercise, everyone has some bad habit or behavior that they'd like to change. But wanting to change and actually doing it--and sticking with it--are two very different things ... Drawing on his own scientific research and that of other leading experts in the field, [the author] explains why change can be difficult and identifies the crucial forces that combine to make transformation permanent, from the right way to create new habits to how to harness emotional meaning to motivate change\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Mean differences and individual changes in nursing students' attitudes toward statistics: The role of math background and personality traits
Nursing students have compulsory statistics courses in their degree program, but they usually have negative attitudes toward statistics that may hinder their learning. The present study aims: (i) to investigate nurse students’ attitudes toward statistics and the relationships with mathematical background and personality traits; (ii) to stress individual changes in attitude that occur during the course; and (iii) to explore if mathematical background and personality traits influence these changes. We adopted a one-group pre-post survey study. Fifty nursing students were enrolled in an introductory statistics course at the Sapienza University of Rome in Italy during the 2018–2019 academic year. Participants were surveyed at the beginning and end of the course administering a multidimensional measure of attitude toward statistics. Multiple regression analyses were run to establish the relative impact of mathematical background and Big Five personality factors on attitude components, as well as the changes in these attitude components. Results confirmed the predictive role of mathematic competence on some attitude dimensions and showed that also personality traits influenced attitudes toward statistics. However, the observed changes in attitudes during the course were minimally influenced by these factors. Findings suggest that course pedagogy can enhance students’ attitudes regardless their mathematical background and personality.
•Initial statistics attitudes are linked to math background and personality traits.•A statistics curse may help in gaining better attitudes.•These changes are independent from personality and previous acquired mathematical competence.•Course characteristics have a central role in enhancing students’ attitudes toward statistics.
Journal Article