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"Auditory hallucinations"
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Hallucination
Scientific and philosophical perspectives on hallucination: essays that draw on empirical evidence from psychology, neuroscience, and cutting-edge philosophical theory.
Reflection on the nature of hallucination has relevance for many traditional philosophical debates concerning the nature of the mind, perception, and our knowledge of the world. In recent years, neuroimaging techniques and scientific findings on the nature of hallucination, combined with interest in new philosophical theories of perception such as disjunctivism, have brought the topic of hallucination once more to the forefront of philosophical thinking. Scientific evidence from psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry sheds light on the functional role and physiology of actual hallucinations; some disjunctivist theories offer a radically new and different philosophical conception of hallucination. This volume offers interdisciplinary perspectives on the nature of hallucination, offering essays by both scientists and philosophers.
Contributors first consider topics from psychology and neuroscience, including neurobiological mechanisms of hallucination and the nature and phenomenology of auditory-verbal hallucinations. Philosophical discussions follow, with contributors first considering disjunctivism and then, more generally, the relation between hallucination and the nature of experience.
Contributors
István Aranyosi, Richard P. Bentall, Paul Coates, Fabian Dorsch, Katalin Farkas, Charles Fernyhough, Dominic H. ffytche, Benj Hellie, Matthew Kennedy, Fiona Macpherson, Ksenija Maravic da Silva, Peter Naish, Simon McCarthy-Jones, Matthew Nudds, Costas Pagondiotis, Ian Phillips, Dimitris Platchias, Howard Robinson, Susanna Schellenberg, Filippo Varese
eBook
Psychosis as a Personal Crisis
Psychosis as a Personal Crisis seeks to challenge the way people who hear voices are both viewed and treated. This book emphasises the individual variation between people who suffer from psychosis and puts forward the idea that hearing voices is not in itself a sign of mental illness.
In this book the editors bring together an international range of expert contributors, who in their daily work, their research or their personal acquaintance, focus on the personal experience of psychosis.
Further topics of discussion include:
accepting and making sense of hearing voices
the relation between trauma and paranoia
the limitations of contemporary psychiatry
the process of recovery.
This book will be essential reading for all mental health professionals, in particular those wanting to learn more about the development of the hearing voices movement and applying these ideas to better understanding those in the voice hearing community.
eBook
Progressive gray matter reduction in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations by causal structural covariance network analysis
Schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations have distinct morphological abnormalities, but whether this population have a progressive gray matter atrophy pattern and specific transmission chain of causal effects remains unclear. This study was designed to construct a causal structural covariance network in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations.
T1-weighted MRI images were acquired from 90 schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations (pAH group) and 83 healthy controls (HC group). Stage-specific independent
tests of gray matter volume (GMV) comparisons between the two groups were used to depict the GMV atrophic pattern and locate the atrophic origin. In the pAH group, the causal structural covariance network (CaSCN) was constructed to map causal effects between the atrophic origin and other regions as the auditory hallucination severity increased.
With the ascending of hallucinatory severity, GMV reductions began from the thalamus, bilateral medial frontal gyri, left Rolandic operculum, and left calcarine, and expanded to other frontal and temporal regions, hippocampal complex, insula, anterior cingulate gyri, fusiform, and cerebellum. Using the peak region (thalamus) as the causal origin in the network, transitional nodes including the right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyri, left thalamus, and right middle frontal gyrus received the casual information and projected to target nodes from the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices, limbic system, and cerebellum.
Our study revealed causal effects from the thalamus and a specific transmission pattern of causal information within the network, indicating a thalamic-cortical-cerebellar circuitry dysfunction related to auditory hallucinations.
Journal Article
Did you hear that? : help for children who hear voices
Written in simple terms this therapeutic storybook can be integrated into either directed or non-directed therapies. It is designed to introduce the condition of auditory and visual hallucinations into the treatment room in a non-threatening manner, encouraging child-clients to express their feelings and struggles associated with their hallucinatory experiences, while reassuring them that other children also experience this phenomenon. This book can also provide perspective and understanding about the condition to parents, siblings, and extended family members, as well as to other professionals such as educators, health care professionals, social workers, probation officers and lawyers.
Book
Exploring the associations between auditory hallucinations and psychopathological experiences in 10,933 patient narratives: moving beyond diagnostic categories and surveys
Background
Previous research suggests that auditory hallucinations are prevalent within both the clinical and general populations. Yet, we know little about how these phenomena are associated with other psychopathology symptoms and experiences. The current study aids investigations towards preventing, predicting and more effectively responding to such distressing occurrences. There have been substantial efforts in the literature to propose models of auditory hallucination and attempts to verify them. However, many of these studies used survey methods that restrict the person’s responses to a set of pre-defined criteria or experiences and do not allow exploration of potential important other symptoms beyond them. This is the first study to explore the correlates of auditory hallucination using a qualitative dataset consisting of unrestricted responses of patients about their lived experiences with mental illness.
Method
The study used a dataset consisting of 10,933 narratives from patients diagnosed with mental illnesses. For analysis, the study used correlation on the text-based data. This approach is an alternative to the knowledge-based approach where experts manually read the narratives and infer the rules and relationships from the dataset.
Result
This study found at least 8 correlates of auditory hallucination (small correlation coefficients), with the unusual ones being “pain.” The study also found that auditory hallucinations were independent of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours, and dissociation, in contrast with the literature.
Conclusion
This study presents an innovative approach to explore the possible associations between symptoms without the restrictions of (or outside the confines of) traditional diagnostic categories. The study exemplified this by finding the correlates of auditory hallucination. However, any other symptom or experience of interest can be studied similarly. Potential future directions of these findings are discussed in the context of mental healthcare screening and treatment.
Journal Article
An experience sampling study of worry and rumination in psychosis
Increasing research effort is being dedicated to investigating the links between emotional processes and psychosis, despite the traditional demarcation between the two. Particular focus has alighted upon two specific anxious and depressive processes, worry and rumination, given the potential for links with aspects of delusions and auditory hallucinations. This study rigorously explored the nature of these links in the context of the daily life of people currently experiencing psychosis.
Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to assess the momentary links between worry and rumination on the one hand, and persecutory delusional ideation and auditory hallucinations on the other. Twenty-seven participants completed the 6-day experience sampling period, which required repeated self-reports on thought processes and experiences. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the links within the clustered data.
We found that antecedent worry and rumination predicted delusional and hallucinatory experience, and the distress they elicited. Using interaction terms, we have shown that the links with momentary symptom severity were moderated by participants' trait beliefs about worry/rumination, such that they were reduced when negative beliefs about worry/rumination (meta-cognitions) were high.
The current findings offer an ecologically valid insight into the influence of worry and rumination on the experience of psychotic symptoms, and highlight possible avenues for future intervention strategies.
Journal Article