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"Aung San Suu Kyi"
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Myanmar doctors are under fire from the military and covid-19
Myanmar’s doctors are under violent attack from its occupying government as the covid-19 pandemic rages. Geetanjali Krishna and Sally Howard report
Journal Article
The Origins of Military Supremacy in Dictatorships
Militaries play dramatically different roles in different autocracies. At one extreme, the military remains the supreme political actor for generations. At the other extreme, militaries long remain subordinate to authoritarian leaders. We argue that the roots of this variation—from military supremacy to subordination—lie in military origins. Where authoritarian mass parties created militaries from scratch, the armed forces have generally remained subservient. Where militaries emerged separately from authoritarian parties, they enjoyed the autonomy necessary to achieve and maintain military supremacy. The core lesson is simple: Unless an autocratic regime created the military, it will struggle to control the military.
Journal Article
Burma: The Generals Strike Back
In November 2020, the National League for Democracy (NLD) won the Burmese general elections by a landslide that even improved on its impressive triumph five years earlier. The NLD's victory signaled to the Burmese generals—who had ruled the country for half a century and then reluctantly shared power with civilians since 2016—that their ambition to form a government legally was unrealistic, and they responded by staging a coup. This essay explains the reasons for the NLD's massive electoral win—rooted in the enduring and growing popularity of its leader, Aung San Suu Kyi—and focuses on five motivating forces that once again led the military to overthrow Burma's legally elected government.
Journal Article
Burma: Suu Kyi's Missteps
Following the victory of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in November 2015 elections, many vested their hopes in the NLD's leader, Nobel Peace Prize-laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, whom they saw as a force that would propel Burma toward democratic transition. Constitutional constraints have severely limited Suu Kyi's power to transform Burma's political life, with the military continuing to be the most politically influential institution. Even given these limitations, however, Suu Kyi has thus far disappointed her supporters at home and especially abroad. Economic reforms have come slowly, democratic standards have slipped, and Suu Kyi and her government have faced international condemnation for their treatment of the Rohingya Muslim minority.
Journal Article
Aung San Suu Kyi at the ICJ
This guest editorial reflects on the complexities underlying Aung San Suu Kyi's appearance at the International Court of Justice.
Journal Article
“I will take part in the revolution with our people”: a qualitative study of healthcare workers’ experiences of violence and resistance after the 2021 Myanmar coup d’etat
Background
In Myanmar, ongoing conflict since the 2021 military coup d’etat has been characterized by targeted violence against health workers (HWs), particularly those participating in the pro-democracy movement. Existing knowledge about the challenges faced by health workers in Myanmar is scant, including their perspectives on mitigating their suffering and the broader impact on community health. This knowledge gap prompted our study to assess the extent of the violence, its impact on the workers and the community, and identify resource priorities.
Methods
This qualitative study employed purposive and snowball sampling to recruit health workers affiliated with the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM). We interviewed 24 HWs in Myanmar between July and December 2022, predominantly physicians and nurses. We used a semi-structured interview guide and conducted interviews remotely due to the security situation. We adopted content analysis to understand participation in the CDM movement, experiences of violence, personal and professional impacts, the sequelae to community health, how HWs responded as well as their ongoing needs.
Results
Thematic content analysis revealed that violence was both individually targeted and widespread. Health workers faced professional, financial, and personal impacts as a result. The health system as a whole has been severely diminished. Health workers have had to adapt to continue to provide care, for example some fled to rural areas and worked clandestinely, exchanging their services for food and shelter. In those settings, they continued to face insecurity from airstrikes and arrests. Health workers have also experienced moral distress and burden due to their resistance and protest against the regime.
Conclusion
The coup and ensuing violence severely disrupted the healthcare system, resulting in shortages of supplies, reduced quality of care, and exacerbated challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite facing significant hardships, HWs remained resilient, engaging in resistance efforts within the CDM and seeking support from local communities and international organizations. They expressed a need for increased awareness, financial assistance, and concrete support for the health system to address the crisis.
Journal Article
