Explore the vast range of titles available.

In September 2023, a patient in Italy who had never traveled abroad was referred for testing for suspected hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Lesions were incompatible with cystic echinococcosis; instead, autochthonous alveolar echinococcosis was confirmed. Alveolar echinococcosis can be fatal, and awareness must be raised of the infection's expanding distribution.

Since August 2023, outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) infection have occurred in Italy. We report 2 autochthonous case-patients and their extended follow-up. Despite persistent DENV detected in blood by PCR, results for antigenomic DENV RNA were negative after day 5, suggesting that a 5-day isolation period is adequate to avoid secondary cases.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is atypical in Sri Lanka because Leishmania donovani, which typically causes visceral disease, is the causative agent. The origins of recently described hybrids between L. donovani and other Leishmania spp. usually responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis remain unknown. Other endemic dermotropic Leishmania spp. have not been reported in Sri Lanka. Genome analysis of 27 clinical isolates from Sri Lanka and 32 Old World Leishmania spp. strains found 8 patient isolates clustered with L. tropica and 19 with L. donovani. The L. tropica isolates from Sri Lanka shared markers with strain LtK26 reported decades ago in India, indicating they were not products of recent interspecies hybridization. Because L. tropica was isolated from patients with leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka, our findings indicate L. donovani is not the only cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka and potentially explains a haplotype that led to interspecies dermotropic L. donovani hybrids.

Before this report, 7 autochthonous human cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever had been reported in Spain, all occurring since 2016. We describe the retrospective identification of an eighth case dating back to 2013. This study highlights that the earliest cases of an emerging disease are often difficult to recognize.

We introduce the river wave concept: a simple, holistic model that unifies river ecosystem concepts. The river wave concept proposes that river flow can be conceptualized as a series of waves varying in shape, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency, traveling longitudinally and laterally; the position on the wave determines the source of organic production or inputs and the storage, transformation, and transport of material and energy; and existing concepts explain ecosystem phenomena at different positions on the river wave. The river wave concept hypothesizes that, at the troughs of waves, local autochthonous and allochthonous inputs predominate; on the ascending or descending limbs of waves, upstream allochthonous inputs and longitudinal transport of material and energy predominate; and as waves rise to crests, allochthonous inputs of material and energy and autochthonous production from the floodplain increase. We describe how river waves interact with their environment and the relevance for biota.

We report on a 70-year-old man with fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, malaise, dyspnea, and consciousness disturbance who was infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in northern Taiwan, 2019. This autochthonous case was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR, virus isolation, and genomic sequencing.

Purpose There is a growing desire for more scientific and technical knowledge regarding Africa. This is because Africa has the potential and opportunity to generate impactful research. However, this potential is not optimized because of several constraints, including the lack of systematic reviews and models of knowledge management and paradoxical trends in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to review studies on knowledge management and associated paradoxes in Africa and a paradox-conscious African knowledge management model. The autochthonous African model that the authors propose has implications for global knowledge management. Design/methodology/approach The authors review studies on knowledge management and paradoxes on Africa. Findings The authors propose a model and identify 12 paradoxes broadly categorized as industrial, political and social. Practical implications The paradoxical tensions characteristic of Africa may be considered integral to business and policy rather than local expressions to be solved through international “best practice.” Originality/value The model this paper propose enables theoretical and empirical studies of knowledge management sensitive to the paradoxical tensions associated with autochthonous management knowledge and autochthonous knowledge management.

Research background. Coastal region of Croatia is rich in autochthonous grape varieties. Many of them have been almost abandoned, such as the autochthonous varieties of Kastav (Croatia), used for the production of the Kastavska Belica wine. Therefore, the rationale of the presented study is to characterize autochthonous grape varieties Verdić, Mejsko belo, Jarbola, Divjaka and Brajkovac. In addition, we performed a molecular characterization of the corresponding Belica wines. Experimental approach. Firstly, the genetic origin and ampelographic and economic characteristics of five autochthonous grape varieties were determined. Standard physicochemical profiles and phenolic components of 12 wines from different producers were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ-MS). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for determination of standard physicochemical parameters. Results and conclusions. Ampelographic analysis, which includes the data on producing characteristics and cluster and berry composition of the varieties, revealed significant differences between the analysed grape varieties. Results of the physicochemical analysis of the Belica wine showed that all wines met the requirements needed for the production of quality and top quality wines labelled with protected designation of origin (PDO) in Croatian coastal region. The LC-QQQ-MS analysis confirmed the presence of different phenolic components in the Belica wines, where the most prominent phenols were flavonoids from the flavan-3-ol group. Overall, these results showed that autochthonous grapes from the Kastav region can be used for production of wines with added market value due to a growing demand for autochthonous products on the global market. Novelty and scientific contribution. The presented results give scientific insight and a basis for further determination of the optimal cultivation technology aimed to take advantage of the best characteristics of each variety for production of a wine with desirable features.

To determine the role of rats as potential reservoirs of zoonotic parasites, we examined rats trapped in urban sewers of Valencia, Spain, in 2021. Morphologic and molecular identification and sequencing identified autochthonous Angiostrongylus cantonensis nematodes, the most common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis, in pulmonary arteries of Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus rats.

Abstract Assessment of beneficial properties by in vitro approaches forms the basis of selection of a potential probiotic. Moreover, bacterial strains of autochthonous origin are considered more useful than strains from allochthonous sources. In this study, a bacterial strain Pseudomonas entomophila COFCAU_(P)EP4, isolated from the intestine of Indian major carp rohu (Labeo rohita), was evaluated for its probiotic potential using a range of in vitro tests, along with safety assessment. The strain showed antagonistic activity against 12 pathogenic indicator bacteria and tolerance to a wide range of pH (2–9) and bile salt concentrations (up to 10%). The strain also demonstrated significant in vitro adhesion properties, including mucosal adherence, auto‐aggregation capacity, and bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity. Besides being non‐hemolytic, the strain COFCAU_(P)EP4 was able to produce extracellular enzymes and showed free radical scavenging potential. An experimental challenge study revealed the strain COFCAU_(P)EP4 as safe for L. rohita. Taken together, the in vitro and safety assessments demonstrated the probiotic potential of the strain P. entomophila COFCAU_(P)EP4 isolated from an autochthonous source.