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"Autogenic training"
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Effects of progressive muscle relaxation combined with music on stress, fatigue, and coping styles among intensive care nurses
To examine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation combined with music on stress, fatigue and coping styles amongst intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.
A randomised controlled trial of 56 nurses aged 18 years and older, with at least three months experience. The intervention group (n = 28) received a 20 minute session comprising progressive muscle relaxation combined with music for a total of eight weeks in the form of group sessions, while the control group (n = 28) received only a single-time face-to-face attention-matched education (20 minutes). The data collection tools were administered at baseline, at week four, eight and twelve.
Internal Medicine, Anaesthesia, and Coronary Intensive care Unit of a training and research hospital.
Primary outcome: Stress level. Secondary outcome: Fatigue severity and coping styles.
Stress scores in the intervention group decreased significantly at week 8 and week 12 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the fatigue scores were observed to be significantly lower in the intervention group at week 8 and week 12 in comparison to those in the control group (p < 0.05). The scores of coping styles, obtained for the acceptance sub-dimension were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group at week 4, 8, and 12 (p < 0.05). The use of instrumental support, venting and the emotional support scores were observed to be significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group at week 12 (p < 0.05).
The results indicated that progressive muscle relaxation combined with music appears to be effective in decreasing stress and fatigue, and in improving the coping styles amongst intensive care nurses. Future studies should be conducted on a larger scale to make conclusions with higher probability.
Journal Article
The magic of mind power : awareness techniques for the creative mind
A practical guide to the potential of the unconscious mind. The book explains how and why visualisation, creative imagery and self-hypnosis work and provides a fresh perspective on developing personal skills to eliminate negative conditions causing ill health and low self-confidence.
Book
The effect of the demonstration-based progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress and anxiety in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial
Background
Caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenges nurses and causes them to experience stress and anxiety. From this perspective, it is of utmost importance to develop quick and effective intervention strategies to prevent numerous complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the progressive muscle relaxation technique, using the demonstration method on the stress and anxiety of nurses who care for COVID-19 patients.
Methods
This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2021. Forty-six nurses working in two referral hospitals with wards for COVID-19 patients in Tehran, Iran recruited by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The nurses in the experimental group educated the progressive muscle relaxation by the demonstration method, and they were encouraged to practice it. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was utilized to measure the stress and anxiety levels in the nurses.
Results
Before the intervention, the levels of stress in the experimental and control groups were 13.91 ± 2.41 vs. 14.34 ± 2.74 (
p
= 0.571), and their anxiety was 13.34 ± 3.41 vs. 12.78 ± 2.21 (
p
= 0.510), respectively. After the intervention, the levels of stress in the experimental and control groups were 10.95 ± 2.01 vs. 14.17 ± 2.34 (
p
< 0.001), and their anxiety was 9.47 ± 2.37 vs. 12.91 ± 1.85 (
p
< 0.001), respectively. Moreover, the levels of stress and anxiety in the experimental group significantly diminished after intervention (
p
< 0.001), but no significant changes were observed in the control group (
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion
Concerning the effectiveness of the progressive muscle relaxation technique in relieving the stress and anxiety of the nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, it is suggested to include this relaxation technique in nursing courses.
Journal Article
Phase II randomized controlled trial of hypnosis versus progressive muscle relaxation for body image after breast or gynecologic cancer
Background
Sexual dysfunction, fueled by body image stress, is prevalent in women with a history of breast or gynecologic cancer. Preliminary data support that mind–body connections may improve sexual health outcomes through improving body image.
Objective
This randomized controlled trial compared hypnosis to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). The primary outcome was body image at week 6 as measured by the Impact of Treatment Scale for women who have or have had breast or gynecologic cancer.
Interventions/Methods
Consented participants were randomized 2:1 to hypnosis or PMR. Both arms consisted of three face-to-face sessions delivered by a trained therapist. Sessions were every 2 weeks for 6 weeks; participants practiced at home between sessions using an audio recording.
Results
Eighty-seven women were randomized, 59 to hypnosis and 28 to PMR. Both groups reported significant improvements on body image over time (within group effect size Cohen’s
d
= 0.49–0.75) with no significant difference between groups (
p
= 0.15). Secondary outcomes were not significantly different between groups. The hypnosis group improved more in sexual satisfaction and sexual interest while the PMR group improved more in positive affect.
Conclusions
Interventions facilitating mind–body connections such as hypnosis and PMR may help to improve body image. This study suggests that stress relieving strategies of hypnosis and PMR may contribute to providing a re-connection to one’s body, improved positive affect, and overall better sexual health.
Journal Article
Self-hypnosis for dummies
A hands-on guide to achieving your goals using hypnosis. Whether you want to lose weight, overcome anxiety or phobias, cure insomnia, stop smoking, or simply stop biting your nails, this guide has it covered! The reassuring and straight-talking information will help you harness the power of your mind and re-train your subconscious to think in more healthy and constructive ways, and to overcome specific issues, such as anxiety and paranoia, and break bad habits, such as smoking. The easy-to-follow style will guide you through every step of the process, empowering you to take control and start making changes right away.
Book
High-intensity interval training and energy management education, compared with moderate continuous training and progressive muscle relaxation, for improving health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: study protocol of a randomized controlled superiority trial with six months’ follow-up
Background
Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often have reduced aerobic capacity and report fatigue as the most disabling symptom impacting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach is recommended for successful management of symptoms, although there is little supporting evidence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a multimodal therapy approach, including endurance training and patient education, during a three-week inpatient rehabilitation stay, on HRQoL in PwMS at six months follow-up. Inpatient energy management education (IEME) + high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will be compared with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) + moderate continuous training (MCT).
Methods
This study has a two-armed single-blind randomized controlled superiority trial design. One hundred six PwMS-related fatigue (relapsing-remitting or chronic progressive phenotypes; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6.5) will be recruited at the Valens clinic, Switzerland, and randomized into either an experimental (EG) or a control group (CG). EG: participants will perform IEME twice and HIIT three times per week during the three-week rehabilitation stay. IEME is a group-based intervention, lasting for 6.5 h over three weeks. HIIT contains of five 1.5-min high-intensive exercise bouts on a cycle ergometer at 95–100% of peak heart rate (HR
peak
), followed by active breaks of unloaded pedalling for 2 min to achieve 60% of HR
peak
. CG: participants will perform PMR twice and MCT three times per week during the three-week rehabilitation stay, representing local usual care. PMR consists of six 1-h relaxation group sessions. MCT consists of 24-min continuous cycling at 65% of HR
peak
. The primary outcome is HRQoL (Physical and Mental Component Summaries of the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey; SF-36), measured at entry to the clinic (baseline, T
0
), three weeks after T
0
(T
1
) and at four (T
2
) and six (T
3
) months after T
0
. Secondary outcomes comprise cardiorespiratory fitness, inflammatory markers (measured at T
0
and T
1
), fatigue, mood, self-efficacy, occupational performance, physical activity (measured at T
0
, T
1
, T
2
and T
3
) and behaviour changes in energy management (measured at T
2
and T
3
).
Discussion
This study will provide detailed information on a multimodal therapy approach to further improve rehabilitation for PwMS.
Trial registration
This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (
NCT04356248
; 22 April 2020).
Journal Article
Advanced autogenic training and primal awareness : techniques for wellness, deeper connection to nature, and higher consciousness
\"A step-by-step guide to optimize health, reconnect with Nature, and access the vast knowledge of the universe through autogenic training. Provides step-by-step instructions for 40 autogenic and primal mind techniques. Explains how to add healing affirmations and visualizations to autogenic practice as well as work with colors and chakras. Includes techniques to restore our primal connection to the world of Nature through practices such as Forest Bathing, Nature's Breath, and Feeling in the Dark. Developed by German doctor Johannes Schultz in the early 20th century, autogenic training teaches you how to use the mind-body connection to influence and regulate the body's normally involuntary autonomic functions by passively tapping into your central and peripheral nervous systems. Often used for stress relief, autogenic training can also be used for asthma, chronic pain, migraines, constipation, anxiety, panic attacks, and a host of other conditions. In this book, James Endredy takes autogenic training to a new level, revealing how to use AT practices to optimize health as well as reawaken your senses, reconnect with Nature and tap into the vast knowledge and power of the universe. Beginning with the 7 standard formulas of AT, the author provides step-by-step instructions for 40 AT and primal mind techniques. He explains how to add specific healing affirmations and visualizations to your AT practice as well as how to work with colors and the chakras. He offers advanced trainings to rekindle your primal touch sensitivity, experience enhanced sight and hearing, and awaken your primal sense of smell. He reveals how to use AT to restore our primal connection to the world of Nature through practices such as Forest Bathing, Nature's Breath, and Primal Fire Connection. Drawing on more than 25 years of experience living and working with indigenous cultures, including the Huichol, Iroquois, Sioux, Maya, and Hopi, Endredy shows how, much like a vision quest, this unique combination of AT and primal mind awareness offers rites of passage sorely missing from modern life. It gives you the tools to go deeper into your physiological being, to directly experience how we relate to the world, and to reconnect with the ancient wisdom within each of us\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Progressive muscle relaxation reduces migraine frequency and normalizes amplitudes of contingent negative variation (CNV)
Background
Central information processing, visible in evoked potentials like the contingent negative variation (CNV) is altered in migraine patients who exhibit higher CNV amplitudes and a reduced habituation. Both characteristics were shown to be normalized under different prophylactic migraine treatment options whereas Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) has not yet been examined. We investigated the effect of PMR on clinical course and CNV in migraineurs in a quasi-randomized, controlled trial.
Methods
Thirty-five migraine patients and 46 healthy controls were examined. Sixteen migraineurs and 21 healthy participants conducted a 6-week PMR-training with CNV-measures before and after as well as three months after PMR-training completion. The remaining participants served as controls. The clinical course was analyzed with two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Pre-treatment CNV differences between migraine patients and healthy controls were examined with t-tests for independent measures. The course of the CNV-parameters was examined with three-way ANOVAs with repeated measures.
Results
After PMR-training, migraine patients showed a significant reduction of migraine frequency. Preliminary to the PMR-training, migraine patients exhibited higher amplitudes in the early component of the CNV (iCNV) and the overall CNV (oCNV) than healthy controls, but no differences regarding habituation. After completion of the PMR-training, migraineurs showed a normalization of the iCNV amplitude, but neither of the oCNV nor of the habituation coefficient.
Conclusions
The results confirm clinical efficacy of PMR for migraine prophylaxis. The pre-treatment measure confirms altered cortical information processing in migraine patients. Regarding the changes in the iCNV after PMR-training, central nervous mechanisms of the PMR-effect are supposed which may be mediated by the serotonin metabolism.
Journal Article