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Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes among Novice and Experienced Drivers
In a study of novice and experienced drivers in cars in which cameras and sensors had been installed, the authors found significant associations between secondary tasks (e.g., cell-phone dialing) and the risk of a crash or near-crash, particularly among novice drivers.
Drivers who are 15 to 20 years of age constitute 6.4% of all drivers, but they account for 10.0% of all motor vehicle traffic deaths and 14.0% of all police-reported crashes resulting in injuries.
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These rates are thought to result from a combination of young age, inexperience, and risky driving behaviors.
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One of the riskiest driving behaviors is the performance of a secondary task, and novice drivers appear to be particularly prone to this distraction.
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Distracted driving has been defined as the “diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity.”
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Drivers engage in many . . .
Journal Article
The last driver's license holder has already been born : how rapid advances in automotive technology will disrupt life as we know it and why this is a good thing
\"How the radical disruption of the auto industry affects you-and how you can prepare for the soon-to-be \"new normal\" The combined effect of autonomous driving, electric vehicles, and the sharing economy is on the verge of changing the auto industry-all within the next decade. And this tech/economics revolution will touch virtually every industry. What exactly will change? Jobs: Demand for commercial vehicle drivers, car dealers, mechanics, doctors, and many other professions will shrink Laws: Manually driving cars will be forbidden-and car ownership will be almost nonexistent Housing: Prices will drop and cities and towns will be planned differently Healthcare: Infrastructure will shrink as traffic accidents dramatically decline Global trade: China will become the world's biggest automotive exporter The Last Driver License Holder Has Already Been Born provides the information and insight you need to position your company for these groundbreaking changes. It reveals the disruptive technologies now taking shape and provides a timeline of when they will take hold. It examines the impact on the industry itself, as well as adjacent sectors, including jobs and professions, city and street design, hospitals, insurances, politics, security, hospitality industry, the oil industry, real estate, and society at large. And it provides the knowledge and insight you need to keep yourself and your organization ahead of the curve-and in front of the competition\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition
BackgroundThe main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can impair driving performance. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabis component, is thought to mitigate certain adverse effects of THC. It is possible then that cannabis containing equivalent CBD and THC will differentially affect driving and cognition relative to THC-dominant cannabis.AimsThe present study investigated and compared the effects of THC-dominant and THC/CBD equivalent cannabis on simulated driving and cognitive performance.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, within-subjects crossover design, healthy volunteers (n = 14) with a history of light cannabis use attended three outpatient experimental test sessions in which simulated driving and cognitive performance were assessed at two timepoints (20–60 min and 200–240 min) following vaporization of 125 mg THC-dominant (11% THC; < 1% CBD), THC/CBD equivalent (11% THC, 11% CBD), or placebo (< 1% THC/CBD) cannabis.Results/outcomesBoth active cannabis types increased lane weaving during a car-following task but had little effect on other driving performance measures. Active cannabis types impaired performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), Divided Attention Task (DAT) and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) with impairment on the latter two tasks worse with THC/CBD equivalent cannabis. Subjective drug effects (e.g., “stoned”) and confidence in driving ability did not vary with CBD content. Peak plasma THC concentrations were higher following THC/CBD equivalent cannabis relative to THC-dominant cannabis, suggesting a possible pharmacokinetic interaction.Conclusions/interpretationCannabis containing equivalent concentrations of CBD and THC appears no less impairing than THC-dominant cannabis, and in some circumstances, CBD may actually exacerbate THC-induced impairment.
Journal Article
The psychology of driving
\"Do we become better or worse drivers as we age? Why do we indulge in risky behaviour when driving? Will technology remove the human role in driving forever? The Psychology of Driving is a fascinating introduction into the psychological factors at play when people get behind the wheel. Exploring the role of personality traits and cognitive functions such as attention in driving, the book considers why human error is most often to blame in road accidents, and how we can improve driver safety. The book debunks the myth that men are better drivers than women and considers why some people indulge in knowingly risky behaviour on the road, including using mobile phones and drink/drug-driving. In a time when driverless cars are becoming a reality, The Psychology of Driving shows us how human behavior and decisions can still affect our lives on the road\"--Back cover.
Book
Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology
A how-to-do-it resource for researchers and professionals, this book brings together discussions of technical issues in driving simulation with broad areas in which driving simulation is now playing a role. Covering basic and advanced topics, the book examines hardware and software selection; visual database and scenario development; independent subject variables; and dependent vehicle, environmental, and psychological variables. It also explores statistical and biostatistical analysis, discusses different types of drivers, reviews existing and future key-in vehicle devices, and describes methods for validation of research.
eBook
The effects of cognitive training on driving performance
Driving is a complex task necessitating an intricate interplay of sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities. Extensive research has underscored the role of neurocognitive functions, including attention, memory, executive functions, and visuospatial skills, in driving safety and performance. Despite evidence suggesting cognitive training's potential in enhancing driving abilities, comprehensive cognitive training's impact on driving performance in young adult drivers remains unexplored. Our study aimed to fill this gap by implementing an intensive, 8-week, multidomain computerized cognitive training program and assessing its transfer effects on the driving performance of young adult drivers, using a high-fidelity simulator. The study employed a randomized controlled trial design, with passive control group. The mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a notable interaction between the time of testing and the respective participant groups concerning driving performance. Post hoc analyses showed that, compared to the control group, participants undergoing cognitive training demonstrated significantly fewer traffic infractions in the post-training evaluation. These findings suggest that cognitive training could be a useful tool for enhancing driving safety and performance in young adult drivers. Further research should aim to address the limitations posed by the absence of an active control group.
Journal Article
Are we there yet? : a story
\"A boy goes on a long car ride to visit his grandmother and discovers time moves faster or slower depending on how bored he is.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
In the Company of Cars
Road safety research has traditionally involved a focus on individuals in which social norms are considered but rarely discussed in detail. Outlining the existing body of research on young drivers in particular, In the Company of Cars shows the contribution that considering road safety from a social and cultural perspective could make to the reduction of death and injury on the roads. It highlights the involvement of driving cultures, as distinct from car cultures, in the social framing of cars and the ways in which they are utilised.
eBook