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The presented paper refers to values as the timeless foundations of modern economics, and also to ethical limitations in the sphere of economic research, especially in the mainstream. The character of the paper is a review. The aim of the research is an attempt to show the fundamental importance of values, often rooted in history, for the development of modern economics and to present a remedy for the current analytical problems of economic sciences – considering the importance of axiology in economic research. The paper is divided into three main parts: introduction – theoretical considerations on the basis of the humanistic perspective of economics; first chapter – the place of values in philosophical and economic considerations, and second chapter – axiology as a complement to the gap in economic research (response to the crisis in the field of economic research). The authors proved that in the face of great crises, including the last one, which is the coronavirus crisis, there is an urgent need to extend economic analysis with values, which would make the science of economics more mature, perceiving an individual as an entity guided by a whole spectrum of principles. It is therefore necessary to go beyond the canon of rigid thinking, because otherwise we are threatened not only with the collapse of the economy, but the entire civilisation of the West. In this regard, let us provide a wider field for ethical analysis!

Axiology can be summarised as the branch of philosophy which studies the nature of value and values. In this collection, Professor Nicolae Râmbu addresses axiology through the lens of 'illnesses' - drawing on philosophical works from Kant, Nietzsche, Hildebrand, and Fichte; and the literature of Dostoevsky, Goethe, Shakespeare and Machiavelli, amongst many others. The common element among the collection is the explosive nature of values. This book serves as a warning that such sublime things as values can sometimes become so dangerous that they can destroy lives or even entire civilizations. It will be a valuable addition to any library supporting teaching and study in philosophy and the humanities.

Arrhenius's impossibility theorems purport to demonstrate that no population axiology can satisfy each of a small number of intuitively compelling adequacy conditions. However, it has recently been pointed out that each theorem depends on a dubious assumption: Finite Fine-Grainedness. This assumption states that there exists a finite sequence of slight welfare differences between any two welfare levels. Denying Finite Fine-Grainedness makes room for a lexical population axiology which satisfies all of the compelling adequacy conditions in each theorem. Therefore, Arrhenius's theorems fail to prove that there is no satisfactory population axiology. In this paper, I argue that Arrhenius's theorems can be repurposed. Since all of our population-affecting actions have a non-zero probability of bringing about more than one distinct population, it is population prospect axiologies that are of practical relevance, and amended versions of Arrhenius's theorems demonstrate that there is no satisfactory population prospect axiology. These impossibility theorems do not depend on Finite Fine-Grainedness, so lexical views do not escape them.

The article examines the axiological aspects and environmental subjectivities of tourism on the basis of the subject-object model. For the development of tourism practices, a psychological analysis of intrapersonal factors of consumer behavior is necessary. The article justifies that tourism forms a special axiological space for personality development, nature preservation, performing important pedagogical and socializing functions, by immersing in real space and time, influencing the formation of a personal image of the world in actual genesis. Tourism is also a tool for changing mythology and stereotyping cognitive ideas about the ethno cultural specifics of visiting countries. It is indicated that modern tourism production is focused on the peculiarities of the individual needs of tourists. The professional training of tourism managers is currently based on the principles of didactics, which are based on the problem of understanding and realizing tourist needs in accordance with the value structure of the consumer of the tourist product. The purposeful development of the axiological space of tourist activity in pedagogy accentuates the following areas: tourist as a subject and object of tourism, tourist space as an object of tourism pedagogy and tourism practice as a subject sphere of professional relations in tourism. The article provides an example of an axiological and environmental subjectivities study, specifically aimed at assessing the relationship between personal values and the motivation of its tourist behavior, conducted on a Russian sample of consumers of a tourist product. The methodology of empirical research is based on the psychological concept of cultural and individual values by Shalom Schwartz, which allows assessing the individual values of consumers of the tourist product (http://segr-did2.fmag.unict.it). It has been established that the most preferred values in tourism for Russians, are Hedonism and Universalism.

The modern world is strongly correlated with the media and new technologies. The human system of values is constantly threatened and subjected to numerous tests and challenges. Axiology faces a huge challenge in the face of modernity. Thanks to the serial productions these threats are strongly highlighted and accentuated, while the consequences of the use of media and new technologies are clearly depicted in the dystopian and catastrophic storyline. The communication of the image of the degradation of human values is superbly presented in the series , which has an ethical and educational dimension.

Examining the press reviews, the author offers aesthetic, critical and stylistic interpretations of the annual Bratislavská lýra [Bratislava Lyre] song contest. Close attention is given to comparing the characteristics and qualities of performed pieces praised by critics with the theoretical perspectives of renowned scholars in the general and multifaceted nature of pop music. Taking into account political, social, musical, aesthetic, stylistic and technological aspects, the writer identifies twenty-eight distinct axiological attributes of pop music. Given the genre’s widespread public appeal, the study also explores whether there were any interrelations between pop music and politics, or whether the Lýra served merely as a manipulative tool during times of heightened political tension. The author interrogates the extent to which the festival’s current politicization by historians, critics and producers is an inaccurate and transient interpretation. Nonetheless, despite this framing, the pop music at the Bratislavská lýra still embodied all the axiological features of its Western counterparts. Proučavajući recenzije u tisku, autorica nudi estetičke, kritičke i stilske interpretacije godišnjeg natjecanja pjesme Bratislavská lýra [Bratislavska lira]. Velika pozornost posvećena je usporedbi karakteristika i kvaliteta izvedenih djela koje su hvalili kritičari s teorijskim perspektivama renomiranih znanstvenika o općoj i višestranoj prirodi pop glazbe. Uzimajući u obzir političke, društvene, glazbene, estetičke, stilske i tehnološke aspekte, autorica identificira dvadeset i osam različitih aksioloških svojstava pop glazbe. S obzirom na široko rasprostranjenu javnu privlačnost žanra, studija također istražuje jesu li postojali međuodnosi između pop glazbe i politike ili je Bratislavská lýra služila samo kao manipulativno oruđe u vremenima pojačanih političkih napetosti. Autorica propituje koliko je trenutna politizacija festivala od strane povjesničara, kritičara i producenata netočna i prolazna interpretacija. Ipak, usprkos ovakvom okviru, pop glazba na festivalu Bratislavská lýra i dalje je utjelovljavala sva aksiološka obilježja svojih zapadnih pandana.

The article explores the relationship between the literary-critical aspiration for axiologically objective assessments of literary works and the variability of literary-critical evaluations in review practices. Based on research into literary criticism during the period between the two world wars, four variable factors in literary critical evaluation were identified as systematic components of evaluative literary reflection. These factors contribute to the inevitable evaluative differentiation within pluralistic critical practices. Within the fluctuating ontological framework of evaluation, the dispositive of the evaluating subject plays a significant role, since she co-creates the epistemological basis of evaluation (determining the text – understanding and interpreting it). This basis establishes the framework for selecting and applying axiological criteria – i.e., the relevant functions of a literary work and their corresponding norms. The influence of individual variable factors on the final evaluation of a literary work is demonstrated through period evaluative reflections on Slovak literary works from the 1930s and 1940s. These include Hmly na úsvite (Mists at dawn, 1930) by Milo Urban, Kus cukru (A lump of sugar, 1934) by Peter Jilemnický, Cesta zarúbaná (Blocked road, 1934) by Fraňo Kráľ, Kamarát Jašek (My friend Jašek, 1937) by Dobroslav Chrobák, and the poetry of Slovak Nadrealism.

This book makes the contemporary philosophical literature on science and values accessible to a wide readership. It focuses on two questions: What are the major ways in which scientific reasoning can be influenced by values? and How can we tell whether those influences are appropriate or not? To address these questions, it examines case studies from a variety of research areas, including climate science, anthropology, chemical risk assessment, ecology, neurobiology, biomedical research, and agriculture. These cases show that the value-free ideal for science is problematic; values have important roles to play in identifying research topics, choosing research questions, determining the aims of inquiry, responding to uncertainty, and deciding how to communicate information. The book argues that values can influence science in these ways without harming scientific objectivity—in fact, making value judgments more explicit actually promotes objectivity. In place of the value-free ideal, the scientific community should strive to meet three conditions for addressing values appropriately: (1) the influences of values should be made transparent; (2) values should reflect ethical and social priorities; and (3) values should be scrutinized via processes of engagement that incorporate multiple stakeholders. The book explores multiple engagement strategies that can help bring values to light and subject them to critical scrutiny.

Purpose This paper aims to present the seven organizational principles for developing value-dominant logic (VDL) thinking and advancing it toward making a business purposeful and open to a lifestyle of value for humanity at large. Design/methodology/approach VDL considers value as rooted on axiology, actor-network theory, the hygge concept and is deployed through seven organizational principles deriving from the original eight VDL principles (Mahajan, 2017). Findings It is necessary to consider value in its polysemous meanings as an emergent element and a result of people’s interpretation based on norms and beliefs. At the same time, managers conceptualize businesses to create stimuli for the markets and society and favoring the emergence of a positive and sustainable value. This study explains how organizations and managers can be driven by norms and beliefs and a purpose to make decisions and assume postures and behaviors capable of stimulating the emergence of positive and sustainable value, creating opportunities for humanity at large; this managerial behavior creates conditions for value creation, and it is framed in VDL. Research limitations/implications A research agenda is provided that can spawn fruitful research in VDL. Practical implications This study develops the theoretical roots for a management approach that will support organizations and managers in interpreting their role as stimulators of value. Social implications The study focuses on the well-being and happiness of all the stakeholders. Originality/value The study developed organizational principles deeply rooted in the VDL.