Explore the vast range of titles available.

The problem of financial inclusion of the population is relevant in developing countries, including Ukraine. Analysis of the state of financial inclusion demonstrated a fairly low level of financial services provided to Ukrainians. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of financial inclusion of households in the regions of Ukraine in the market of bank loans in the pre-war period using cluster analysis tools and justify the possibility of their application for the formation of an effective state-regional policy for the restoration and development of the affected territories, in particular, in the context of ensuring access to bank loans. Cluster analysis was the methodological tool of the study. An algorithm of clustering of regions of Ukraine by the level of financial inclusion of the population in the market of bank loans was designed, taking into account such indicators as the number of bank branches, amount of a loan for one person, interest rates on loans to individuals in the regions. As a result of cluster analysis, four clusters were formed with low, middle, high and advanced-level regions by the level of financial inclusion of the population in the market of bank loans. Most Ukrainian regions (15) were determined as having a low level of access to the market of bank loans. This made it possible to conclude that these regions need special attention from the central and local authorities, as well as from financial institutions in terms of facilitation of public access to banking services. The need to strengthen the financial inclusion of the population in Ukraine during martial law and in the post-war period, taking into account the needs of de-occupied and front-line territories, as well as regions with a large number of internally displaced persons, is substantiated.

A substantial literature has investigated the role of relationship lending in shielding borrowers from idiosyncratic shocks. Much less is known about how lending relationships and bank-specific characteristics affect the functioning of the credit market in an economy-wide crisis. We investigate how bank and bank-firm relationship characteristics have influenced interest rate setting since the collapse of Lehman Brothers. We find that interest rate spreads increased by less for those borrowers having closer lending relationships. Furthermore, firms borrowing from banks endowed with large capital and liquidity buffers and from banks engaged mainly in traditional lending were kept more insulated from the financial crisis.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of corporate tax rates, interest rates, inflation and company size on the financial capital structure of agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2021 period. The sample in this research is 40 agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2021. This study used panel data regression analysis with the Eviews version 9 program and the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the independent variables, corporate tax rate, bank interest rates, inflation and company size have an effect on capital structure. Partially the results show that bank interest rates, inflation and company size have an influence on capital structure decisions, while the corporate tax rate has no influence on capital structure decisions. The ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable is 67.29%. Meanwhile, the remaining 32.71% is explained by other independent variables outside the model.

Continuous growth in prices for primary energy sources and environmental restrictions on pollutant emissions justify investments in industrial facilities to minimize specific energy consumption. In addition, oil-producing and refining enterprises were built in previous decades, when energy efficiency problems were not so urgent, so little attention was paid to the development and application of tools for improvement. In this regard, at present, the application and development of methods for increasing energy efficiency is certainly relevant, especially for oil processing and stabilization units (OPSUs) at fields, through which all oil produced in a country passes. Our goal is to achieve heat integration of OPSUs with a capacity of 4 million tons of processed raw materials per year. In this study, for the heat integration of the OPSU, pinch-analysis methods with the construction of grid diagrams are used for a retrofitting project for increasing the energy efficiency of the heat exchange network (HEN) of an OPSU. The heat and economic analysis of the synthesized HEN were performed using Pinch 2.02 software. This paper presents a retrofitting-based energy-efficiency project for the OPSU HEN. A method for evolving the synthesized HEN by breaking heat load paths is applied to increase the economic efficiency of the retrofit project. The stability of the OPSU operation in the optimal mode is shown with the observed change in the bank interest rate. The implementation of the synthesized HEN will reduce specific energy consumption by 77%, decreasing CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere by 30 thousand tons per year.

This paper aims to determine the effect of central bank monetary policy on financial asset prices in Indonesia from 1990 Q1 to 2020 Q4. Furthermore, this study measures the responses of three different asset prices: bond yield, stock price and exchange rate to central bank rate shocks using the structural vector autoregression model. The impulse response functions showed that tightening monetary policy in Indonesia appreciated the exchange rate in four periods, lowered stock prices in five periods, and increased bond yield in all periods. These results imply that an increase in monetary policy interest rate appreciates exchange rate, lowers the stock price, and reduces bond yield. The result of variance decomposition showed that the most dominant central bank rate prediction was in predicting forecast error variance of bond yield but the smallest in predicting forecast error variance of the exchange rate. These results corroborated the hypothesis that tightening monetary policy in Indonesia increases financial asset prices. It also highlighted the informational role of monetary policy interest rate in stabilizing financial asset prices.

This paper is motivated from previous work in the area of bank interest rate and dividend policy, and we went further to figure out whether there is any association between interest rate changes and the stock market's reaction to dividend announcements. To conduct this research paper, we used 61 Bangladeshi banks out of 66 banks (excluding central bank) from the period from 2010-2021. After using three different types of estimations (OLS, two stage least squared and GMM) we found that when savings interest rate and dividend increase stock market react positively and our result show that stock market react negatively when savings interest rate and dividend decrease. On the other hand, our results show that when loan interest rate and dividend increase stock market react more negatively and if loan interest rate and dividend decrease stock market react more positively.

A review of the experience of five developing countries in reforming their financial systems illustrates the benefits and risks, and provides lessons on the factors which contribute to successful financial sector reforms. Financial sector reforms need to be supported by active monetary policy, and the adoption of new monetary control procedures early in the reform program; reforms should be sequenced consistently with the broader program of macroeconomic adjustment. The pace of liberalization of interest rates and credit should also take account of the solvency of financial and nonfinancial firms. A minimal system of prudential regulation is an essential element of successful financial sector reform.

This paper examines the recent banking crises in Finland, Norway and Sweden in an attempt to draw some policy conclusions from their experiences. In all three countries, the timing of deregulation coincided with a strongly expansionary macroeconomic momentum. Delayed policy responses, as well as structural characteristics of the financial systems, and banks' inadequate internal risk management controls were important determinants of the consequences of the transition from tightly regulated to more or less competitive financial systems. In the absence of strengthened prudential banking supervision, these incentives coupled with expectations of government intervention in the event of a crisis prompted many Nordic banks to increase their lending excessively.

The paper analyzes the determinants of banking spreads in Barbados, with a view to identifying the role of the monetary policy regime in explaining high spreads. The paper finds that interest rate spreads for Barbados are higher than would be suggested by its macroeconomic performance. Banking concentration and bank-specific variables, including bank size and provisions for nonperforming loans, do not have an important role in explaining variations in bank spreads. Rather, it appears that monetary policy variables, such as reserve requirements and capital controls, are the most important determinants of spreads.

Uncertainty in economic environment leads economic agents to act cautiously. In this paper, we postulate that such uncertainty leads banks to charge higher interest rate on loans. Measuring aggregate country-level economic uncertainty with the World Uncertainty Index (WUI) and using a bank-level dataset from 88 countries over the period 1998-2017, we find that heightened economic uncertainty increases bank loan interest rates. Specifically, bank loan interest rates rise by 20.67 basis points with a one standard deviation increase in WUI. Our results are robust when we use alternative proxy of uncertainty, include additional controls in the model, and extend the sample size. We also observe that WUI index is better at measuring local economic uncertainty as compared to the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index. Overall, this study provides evidence that bank price in economic uncertainty is an important risk while setting interest rates on bank loans.