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The thawing process within fish processing is one of the most essential steps in manufacturing. Various processes of thawing can be used where efficiency varies between companies depending on such characteristics as energy consumption, the price of resources, etc. The main aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of thawing processes. Firstly, to analyse various thawing methods and to find the most efficient one by using multi-criteria decision making analysis method. Secondly, analysing data of thawing of existing company to find opportunities for improvements, including the change of existing technology. Results showed that the most suitable method for thawing is the air blast method. Case study showed that current thawing technology is outdated, thus suggested improvement would be to replace the current boiler house with a cogeneration plant. A sensitivity analysis for the cogeneration plant has been performed.

The possibility of combining free electricity (power) transfer zones by distributed generation is considered in this paper. The relevance of a subject is caused by the existing condition of network infrastructure and a high part of a network component in the final electricity cost, change of a fuel and energy landscape in territorial subjects of the federation, increase in ecological requirements and need of increase in power production efficiency. The object of the study is the second price zone of the wholesale market located on the territory of Siberia, where the task of increasing the availability of electricity is combined with the problem of reliable heat supply due to climatic conditions. It causes the presence of a large number of heating boiler houses. It is shown that the medium and large boiler houses transfer to the cogeneration mode of operation in the cities of the Altay Reginon and the Republic of Altai will allow to integrate the free electricity (power) transfer zones Altai and Siberia among other significant effects. Distributed generation was seen as an effective alternative to strengthening intersystem connections. It is obvious that the new network construction leads to an increase in the electricity transmission tariff and the transition to distributed generation leads to an increase in competition in retail regional markets, which reduces the cost of electricity.

The article is devoted to the analysis of methods of utilization and processing of oil sludge. The advantages and disadvantages of thermal, biological, chemical, physical and combined methods of disposal are considered in detail. It is concluded that it is necessary to use an integrated approach to obtain a more effective result and involve oil-containing waste in recycling in order to minimize the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The analysis of one of the promising technologies for processing oil sludge at large fields planned for implementation - the production of fuel briquettes for use in boiler houses operating at the field. It is proved that from the point of view of technical and environmental indicators it is not effective. It is proposed to consider the problem of oil sludge management from the perspective of three components: reducing the volume of oil sludge and preventing its formation as a whole, the use of effective methods of recycling, recycling through an integrated approach.

There are various ways to estimate fuel combustion efficiency of a boiler house. Most of these ways are based on complex instrumental measurements and are not always applicable in practice. Batch feeding of fuel into a boiler furnace makes it difficult to accurately determine fuel combustion speed and, correspondingly, the amount of heat released during combustion. The method of estimating fuel combustion efficiency at a boiler house considered here allows to determine actual fuel combustion speed by visual observation.

The topical issue of efficient fuel combustion when using hot water boilers is considered. Indeed, this is a very important issue that is directly related to the rational use of resources, reducing the cost of providing thermal energy and reducing the negative impact on the environment. As a result, today the production and operation of hot water boilers must meet high standards of efficiency and environmental friendliness in order to ensure an optimal balance between economic efficiency and environmental protection. Moreover, the development of new energy-saving technologies and fuel combustion systems is an important area of scientific and technological progress to improve people's living conditions and ensure sustainable development. Burning fuel in large quantities leads to certain losses, which reduces the efficiency of the boiler. Therefore, there were mainly small energy-saving furnaces designed for burning fuel. The author proposed a small boiler with a furnace in which a vertical grate is used. Burning any fuel in such a furnace reduced heat loss by 2 times and harmful emissions into the atmosphere by 1.5 times. The efficiency of the heating processes in the boiler was evaluated during one heating season. The cost of providing thermal energy compared to other operating boiler houses amounted to 14400 somoni (1200 dollars), which is 18% less than the initial costs of previous years.

Purpose. To establish the effectiveness of the proposed new technical solution of a small-sized and low-metal combined heat-recovery units for gas-consuming environmentally efficient heating boilers. Methodology. Known methods of thermal calculation of boiler plants and experimental research data obtained by the authors were used. Findings. A schematic circuit of a boiler plant with gas recirculation and a new complex heat-recovery system designed for heating such heat-transfer agents as heat network water and combustion air is proposed for the beneficial use of flue gas waste heat. Calculation studies on the main indicators of the thermal efficiency of the specified system and the heat-humidity condition in the air ducts of the boiler plant in different modes of its operation were performed. It is shown that the use of the proposed system ensures an increase in the efficiency of the boiler and the absence of condensation in the specified ducts. The indicators of the relative metal content of the considered heat-recovery exchangers were also obtained. A comparison of the calculated indicators with the corresponding indicators for the known heat-recovery system with heating of the specified heat-transfer agents was performed. The research results show that the new system with a water-heating air heater is characterized by a significantly lower relative metal capacity of this system equipped with a gas-heating air heater. Due to the use of a developed heating surface in it, the proposed water-heating air heater is low in metal consumption and highly compact, which is essential in its design and manufacture, as well as placement in the compressed conditions of boiler houses. Originality. For the first time, the effectiveness of a new complex heat-recovery system for heating boiler installations of increased environmental efficiency was proposed and investigated. Practical value. The obtained research results will be used to improve the environmental and thermal characteristics of boiler plants.

This paper discusses the method of perfecting energy saving actions in boiler plants based on the analysis and optimization of their performance indicators. A boiler-house plant with low-potential secondary energy resource and external combination units is taken as a study object.

The article deals with the problem of energy saving in the context of comparing contact heat exchangers. The advantages and disadvantages of various schemes are analyzed. It is proposed to use economizers of contact heat exchangers with active packing (HEAP) in boiler units of boiler houses. An analysis of the operation of one of the types of HEAP is given. The advantages of using HEAP with a two-circuit apparatus with a nozzle are considered. The main utilization plants and their parameters are described. Examples of the creation of designs for double-shell contact heat exchangers for the utilization of low-potential internal (side) energy resources (IER) are given. For branches of the chemical industry, a scheme of a scrubber-salt system using an intermediate heat carrier is proposed. The effective use of these devices for heating and humidifying air in ventilation and air conditioning systems is noted. The pros and cons of contact heat exchangers are considered in the framework of increasing the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the schemes. The ways of further increasing the efficiency of HEAP are consid

Hard-to-reach northern areas of Russia are supplied with coal via complex and extended delivery chains. Long-term storage and large haulage distances between the coal production sites and the heat power generation points result in degradation of useful properties of coal and its high quantitative losses. The authors discuss the causes of change in the fuel quality as it travels from production faces to boiler-houses, as the consequences of lower quality fuel burning. The current approaches to alteration of coal properties are reviewed. The influence of oxidation and cryogenic effects is analyzed. Assuming the delivery chains as the integrated systems in blocks and their performance evaluation by the final result allows disengaging new reserves in quality management. An element of the refreshed quality management can be technological and managerial procedures in open pit coal mining and in pre-treatment of coal before shipment.

In the paper, the authors compared the dynamics of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene content in the atmospheric air of the Irkutsk Region cities and the cancer morbidity of the population. Further, the authors estimated benzo(a)pyrene emissions from \"low\" power heat sources (boiler houses and household furnaces). Dependences of the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of cities on its gross emissions by \"small\" heat sources, on the area of forest fires are found. The study showed their impact, as well as the impact of motor transport and forest fires on the state of the atmosphere of industrial and agricultural cities of the region. The authors drew a conclusion about the contribution of man-made and natural sources to the atmospheric pollution with benzo(a)pyrene, and about the need to define it and develop measures to reduce emissions.