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"BUDGETS"
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Making a budget
\"This easy-to-follow guide helps readers learn how to craft a budget that accounts for earnings, spending, and short-term and long-term savings goals. Concise directions thoughtfully guide readers through the processes of setting up a weekly expense records, making monthly budgets, using budgeting tools, setting financial goals, evaluating and adjusting budgets, and practicing wise savings and spending habits.\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
Namibia: Report on Observance of Standards and Codes - Fiscal Transparency Module
The Government of Namibia has a full equity share of four specialist or policy banking corporation. There are a large number of public nonfinancial corporations, in which the government has a part or full ownership share, including public utilities and Air Namibia, the national airline. There are a number of statutorily and nonstatutorily created funds of the central government. There are two important funds for social security and pensions for government employees. Reforming the state-owned enterprise sector is one priority of the government, though the progress has been slow
eBook
How to spend smart
Teaches young readers how to use their money wisely, including how to follow a budget, how to be savvy about advertising, and how to understand return policies.
Book
Fiscal Rules and the Budget Process
This paper examines the rationale for the imposition of fiscal rules as a way to reduce budgetary imbalances. It presents theoretical arguments for the existence of a \"fiscal deficit bias\" and the empirical evidence on the economic, political and institutional factors leading to this bias. In the context of these findings, it discusses the potential role of legal constraints on the level of key fiscal variables, and of reforms in budgetary procedures in enhancing fiscal discipline. It also evaluates proposals for budgetary reform in Italy.
Journal Article
How to make a budget
Describes to young readers how to make a budget, including keeping track of income, fixed expenses vs. flexible expenses, and how a budget can be used to reach goals.
Book
Advanced public financial management reforms in South East Europe
This paper aims to clarify possible systemic bottlenecks to the introduction of advanced PFM reforms in the SEE countries. It relates key fiscal developments to PFM reform processes over the last 15 years. PFM reform strategies must be realistic, with clear objectives and timetables, and with strong country ownership. Among the advanced reforms, some aspects of medium-term budgeting seems to be somewhat less challenging than performance-oriented budgeting, and it could be rational to make sure that there is solid progress in this area first. When developing performance budgets, countries should consider focusing initial efforts on the areas that are most suitable for performance management, such as education and health.
eBook
Managing and Controlling Extrabudgetary Funds
This paper addresses issues relating to the establishment and financial management of extrabudgetary funds (EBFs), a large group of government entities that on average accounts for 40 to 45 percent of central government expenditure-two-thirds of which represents social security funds-in countries at various stages of development. If improperly designed and managed, EBFs can undermine effective fiscal control. However, they also bring potential benefits in the form of greater autonomy of decision-making in countries with well-established governance and financial management systems that have applied the \"agency model\" of devolved public management and fiscal control. The paper develops a typology of EBFs and argues that EBFs are frequently created because of failures in the budget system and political economy factors that need to be recognized and, where possible, corrected. The paper recommends that data on EBFs be consolidated within a unified system of fiscal reporting and proposes an analytical framework that governments might use to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of their EBFs.
eBook