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Business process management (BPM) aims to optimize business processes to achieve better system performance such as higher profit, quicker response, and better services. BPM systems in Industry 4.0 are required to digitize and automate business process workflows and support the transparent interoperations of service vendors. The critical bottleneck to advance BPM systems is the evaluation, verification, and transformation of trustworthiness and digitized assets. Most of BPM systems rely heavily on domain experts or third parties to deal with trustworthiness. In this paper, an automated BPM solution is investigated to select and compose services in open business environment, Blockchain technology (BCT) is explored and proposed to transfer and verify the trustiness of businesses and partners, and a BPM framework is developed to illustrate how BCT can be integrated to support prompt, reliable, and cost-effective evaluation and transferring of Quality of Services in the workflow composition and management.

PurposeThe term knowledge refers to the part of the world investigated by a specific discipline and that includes a specific taxonomy, vocabulary, concepts, theories, research methods and standards of justification. Our approach uses domain knowledge to improve the quality of business process models (BPMs) by exploiting the domain knowledge provided by large language models (LLMs). Among these models, ChatGPT stands out as a notable example of an LLM capable of providing in-depth domain knowledge. The lack of coverage presents a limitation in each approach, as it hinders the ability to fully capture and represent the domain’s knowledge. To solve such limitations, we aim to exploit GPT-3.5 knowledge. Our approach does not ask GPT-3.5 to create a visual representation; instead, it needs to suggest missing concepts, thus helping the modeler improve his/her model. The GPT-3.5 may need to refine its suggestions based on feedback from the modeler.Design/methodology/approachWe initiate our semantic quality enhancement process of a BPM by first extracting crucial elements including pools, lanes, activities and artifacts, along with their corresponding relationships such as lanes being associated with pools, activities belonging to each lane and artifacts associated with each activity. These data are systematically gathered and structured into ArrayLists, a form of organized collection that allows for efficient data manipulation and retrieval. Once we have this structured data, our methodology involves creating a series of prompts based on each data element. We adopt three approaches to prompting: zero-shot, few-shot and chain of thoughts (CoT) prompts. Each type of prompting is specifically designed to interact with the OpenAI language model in a unique way, aiming to elicit a diverse array of suggestions. As we apply these prompting techniques, the OpenAI model processes each prompt and returns a list of suggestions tailored to that specific element of the BPM. Our approach operates independently of any specific notation and offers semi-automation, allowing modelers to select from a range of suggested options.FindingsThis study demonstrates the significant potential of prompt engineering techniques in enhancing the semantic quality of BPMs when integrated with LLMs like ChatGPT. Our analysis of model activity richness and model artifact richness across different prompt techniques and input configurations reveals that carefully tailored prompts can lead to more complete BPMs. This research is a step forward for further exploration into the optimization of LLMs in BPM development.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation is the domain ontology that we are relying on to evaluate the semantic completeness of the new BPM. In our future work, the modeler will have the option to ask for synonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms or keywords. This feature will facilitate the replacement of existing concepts to improve not only the completeness of the BPM but also the clarity and specificity of concepts in BPMs.Practical implicationsTo demonstrate our methodology, we take the “Hospitalization” process as an illustrative example. In the scope of our research, we have presented a select set of instructions pertinent to the “chain of thought” and “few-shot prompting.” Due to constraints in presentation and the extensive nature of the instructions, we have not included every detail within the body of this paper. However, they can be found in the previous GitHub link. Two appendices are given at the end. Appendix 1 describes the different prompt instructions. Appendix 2 presents the application of the instructions in our example.Originality/valueIn our research, we rely on the domain application knowledge provided by ChatGPT-3 to enhance the semantic quality of BPMs. Typically, the semantic quality of BPMs may suffer due to the modeler's lack of domain knowledge. To address this issue, our approach employs three prompt engineering methods designed to extract accurate domain knowledge. By utilizing these methods, we can identify and propose missing concepts, such as activities and artifacts. This not only ensures a more comprehensive representation of the business process but also contributes to the overall improvement of the model's semantic quality, leading to more effective and accurate business process management.

Literature on business process compliance (BPC) has predominantly focused on the alignment of the regulatory rules with the design, verification and validation of business processes. Previously, surveys on BPC have been conducted with specific context in mind; however, the literature on BPC management research is largely sparse and does not accumulate a detailed understanding on existing literature and related issues faced by the domain. This survey provides a holistic view of the literature on existing BPC management approaches and categorises them based on different compliance management strategies in the context of formulated research questions. A systematic literature approach is used where search terms pertaining keywords were used to identify literature related to the research questions from scholarly databases. From initially 183 papers, we selected 79 papers related to the themes of this survey published between 2000 and 2015. The survey results reveal that mostly compliance management approaches centre around three distinct categories, namely design-time (\\[28\\%\\]), run-time (\\[32\\%\\]) and auditing (\\[10\\%\\]). Also, organisational and internal control-based compliance management frameworks (\\[21\\%\\]) and hybrid approaches make (\\[9\\%\\]) of the surveyed approaches. Furthermore, open research challenges and gaps are identified and discussed with respect to the compliance problem.

In the face of fierce competition in almost all areas of business activity, the task of modeling the business processes in the modern business environment is extremely important. The article explores aspects of management and modeling of business processes. The authors analyze available methods and the modern modeling tools for improvement and automation of business processes. The necessity of using the modeling of business processes and its impact on the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises is determined. Thus, the study determines the economic feasibility of using the modeling of business processes in the context of the modern competitive environment and its impact on improving the efficiency and competitiveness of companies. Using the practical experience of foreign companies, methodical recommendations on the introduction of the business process modeling in the company's management are proposed, due to the need for an integrated approach to organizational management. Particular attention is paid to a detailed study of the experience of applying the modeling of business processes at foreign enterprises, which are now the undisputed leaders in the market. Thanks to the experience of such companies, the study reveals the practical advantages and challenges of using the modeling to achieve optimal business efficiency and increase its competitiveness. The study results show that companies that successfully implement the modeling of business processes are able to effectively adapt to changes in the environment, and promptly implement improvements and innovations. This makes them not only more competitive but also resilient to market challenges. Thus, use of the modeling of business processes is becoming a strategic tool that helps to improve the operational efficiency of an enterprise and ensure its success in today's competitive environment.

PurposeAlthough businesses continue to take up artificial intelligence (AI), concerns remain that companies are not realising the full value of their investments. The study aims to provide insights into how AI creates business value by investigating the mediating role of Business Process Management (BPM) capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe integrative model of IT Business Value was contextualised, and structural equation modelling was applied to validate the proposed serial multiple mediation model using a sample of 448 organisations based in the EU.FindingsThe results validate the proposed serial multiple mediation model according to which AI adoption increases organisational performance through decision-making and business process performance. Process automation, organisational learning and process innovation are significant complementary partial mediators, thereby shedding light on how AI creates business value.Research limitations/implicationsIn pursuing a complex nomological framework, multiple perspectives on realising business value from AI investments were incorporated. Several moderators presenting complementary organisational resources (e.g. culture, digital maturity, BPM maturity) could be included to identify behaviour in more complex relationships. The ethical and moral issues surrounding AI and its use could also be examined.Practical implicationsThe provided insights can help guide organisations towards the most promising AI activities of process automation with AI-enabled decision-making, organisational learning and process innovation to yield business value.Originality/valueWhile previous research assumed a moderated relationship, this study extends the growing literature on AI business value by empirically investigating a comprehensive nomological network that links AI adoption to organisational performance in a BPM setting.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the implementation of an ambidexterity strategy in a large Italian Company that works in the energy field. The aim of the study is to understand how contextual ambidexterity has been achieved during a business process management (BPM) approach by describing the main variables that interacted during the project implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors based their study both on primary (direct observation and interviews) and secondary (company manuals, books and procedures) qualitative investigations of BPM approach based on three business process re-engineering (BPR) projects and nine total quality management (TQM) projects, focused on change team behaviors, dynamics and dialogues.FindingsThe authors observed that the implementation of simultaneously radical and incremental change projects has been influenced by the exploration and exploitation activities related to every single TQM and BPR project considered. The findings suggest that the overall project has been influenced by four main underlying variables, which are task specialization and systems interoperability (knowledge transfer), identity and leadership (knowledge conversion) and two output variables (ambiguity and feedback to change), that, by interacting, enable ambidexterity.Research limitations/implicationsBPM is an important option to consider within the ambidexterity theory, being conceptually conceived as an approach in which TQM and BPR actually complement each other. Moreover, the results contextualize the importance of the change management team (CMT) to manage the connections between knowledge creation and refinement, and vice versa, depending particularly on the knowledge conversion process enabled by a flexible team culture. The focus of the study is mainly at the BPR and TQM project level. The authors consider structural ambidexterity and its enabling mechanisms as the framework in which BPM is implemented. Moreover, research limitations are related both to the specificity of the context, a large, highly specialized and mechanistic company and to the qualitative approach that may reduce the generalization of the empirical results.Practical implicationsManagers need to be cognizant and aware both of the BPM techniques, in order to sustain ambidexterity, and of ambiguity and change feedback as variables that enable the effective connection of the different steps of innovation or refinement strategy and, therefore, of ambidexterity. Moreover, the contextual factors such as leadership and people identity should be considered and managed as important variables related to change.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is related to improving the understanding of how to implement the theoretical concept of ambidexterity in a real world organization, by providing new evidence that highlights the importance of contextual ambidexterity within a structural ambidexterity strategy during a BPM project.

We have presented a review of the challenges facing business PM. These challenges are categorized into three challenges: (1) between business and IT, difficulty of deriving IT goals from business goals challenges; (2) security issues on business PM challenges; and (3) managing customer power, the rapidly changing business environment and business process (BP) challenges. Also, it presents the limitations of existing business PM frameworks. For example, in the first challenge, the existing literature is limited because they fail to capture the real business environment. Also, it is hard for IT analysts to understand BPs. In the second challenges, the existing methods of IS development fail to successfully integrate security during all development process stages and only deal with specific security requirements, goals and constraints. In the third challenges, no research has been conducted in the area of separating customers into different priority groups to provide services according to their required delivery time, payment history and feedback. Finally, we outline possible further research directions in the business PM domain. A systematic literature review method was used. Our review reports on academic publications on business PM challenges over the 13 years from 2000 to 2012. There are 31 journals as well as the IEEE and ACM databases being searched to identify relevant papers. Our systematic literature review results in that there are 53 journal papers as being the most relevant to our topic. In conclusion, it is not easy to create a good business PM. However, the research have to pay much attention on the area of creating successful business PM by creating secure business PM, manage customer power and create business PM where IT goals can be easily derived from business goals.

Purpose In several studies, it has been found that organizational performance is affected by ambidextrous IT capabilities. Nevertheless, business processes are essential to the value generation conversion of IT investment into performance. In the literature, this focus on the impact of IT capabilities at the business process level is still under investigated. So, the purpose of this paper is to test the effects of explorative and exploitative business process IT capabilities on business process performances (BPP) and the positive moderator role of business process management (BPM) capabilities. Design/methodology/approach This analysis has been done through a quantitative study in the Italian hotel industry. An OLS regression analysis has been carried out on a sample of 404 firms. Findings The study identifies distinct effects related to exploration and exploitation and finds a moderating effect of BPM capabilities, explaining their positive impact on BPP. Originality/value The main purpose of the paper is to contribute to the area of business process management by demonstrating the importance of both explorative and exploitative IT capabilities for a business process as well as the managerial capabilities at the process level. Furthermore, this focus at the process level allows us to add original insights into research on ambidexterity by expanding existing works.

Purpose - Maturity models are a prospering approach to improving a company's processes and business process management (BPM) capabilities. In fact, the number of corresponding maturity models is so high that practitioners and scholars run the risk of losing track. This paper therefore aims to provide a systematic in-depth review of BPM maturity models.Design methodology approach - The paper follows the accepted research process for literature reviews. It analyzes a sample of ten BPM maturity models according to a framework of general design principles. The framework particularly focuses on the applicability and usefulness of maturity models.Findings - The analyzed maturity models sufficiently address basic design principles as well as principles for a descriptive purpose of use. The design principles for a prescriptive use, however, are hardly met. Thus, BPM maturity models provide limited guidance for identifying desirable maturity levels and for implementing improvement measures.Research limitations implications - The authors are confident that this review covers the majority of publicly available BPM maturity models. As the number of corresponding maturity models seems to be constantly growing, exhaustiveness can hardly be guaranteed. The study's results stimulate future research. Inter alia, adopters from industry require more elaborate support by means of ready-to-use and adaptable instruments for maturity assessment and improvement. The paper also reaffirms the need for maturity model consolidation in the field of BPM.Originality value - As existing literature reviews focus on process improvement or BPM in general, the paper's findings extend current knowledge. They also increase transparency. Its results provide guidance for scholars and practitioners involved in the design, enhancement, or application of BPM maturity models.