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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of how some layoffs by private companies have been affected during COVID-19 and the restrictions imposed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) to overcome.   Theoretical framework: The negative effect of COVID-19 as a labour sector. The methodology used in the study is statutory and normative legal study using analytical approaches   Design/methodology/approach:  The methodology used in the study is statutory and normative legal study using analytical approaches.   Findings:  One option that can be adopted is that companies can manage industrial relatives by running work from home (WFH) regardless of the conditions and type of work conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, job loss guarantees (JKPs) need to be strengthened or added to the social security system.   Research, Practical & Social implications: social dialogue through COVID-19. The ILO should develop a comprehensive approach to workers' rights, decent work, social safety and   Originality/value: First, respect the core provisions of the International Labor Standards on safety and health, work arrangements and job security, which ensure that workers, employers and governments or certain sectors of the workforce are able to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Respect for enabling values will contribute to a culture of social dialogue and cooperation in the workplace that is critical to recovery and restoration of employment and working conditions during and after a crisis.

Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of trusteeship is a pragmatic model of development that aims to attain economic equality in society. This idea is an alternative to communism and capitalism and is based on nonviolence and inclusivity.  Trusteeship seeks to resolve the conflict between labour and capital by emphasizing on equitable distribution of work and wages, giving equal importance to manual and mental labour, promoting people to labour for their own bread, creating a society in which all the people are entitled only to as much wealth as required to satisfy their needs and have time for leisure. Trusteeship replaces competition with cooperation by promoting wealthy people to voluntarily abdicate their wealth for the underprivileged. It aims to transform self-interested individuals to work for group-interest. This idea is relevant for the present times when inequality is widening the gap between rich and poor, and weakening the prospects of inclusive development. Trusteeship is a workable solution that can ensure sustainable progress in contemporary times.  La idea de administración fiduciaria de Mahatma Gandhi es un modelo pragmático de desarrollo que apunta a alcanzar la igualdad económica en la sociedad. Esta idea es una alternativa al comunismo y al capitalismo, y se basa en la no violencia y la inclusividad.  La administración fiduciaria trata de resolver el conflicto entre el trabajo y el capital haciendo hincapié en la distribución equitativa del trabajo y los salarios, dando igual importancia al trabajo manual y al mental, promoviendo que las personas trabajen para ganar su propio pan, creando una sociedad en la que todas las personas tengan derecho a tanta riqueza como sea necesario para satisfacer sus necesidades y disponer de tiempo libre. La administración fiduciaria sustituye la competencia por la cooperación al promover que las personas ricas renuncien voluntariamente a su riqueza en favor de los menos privilegiados. Su objetivo es transformar a los individuos interesados en sí mismos para que trabajen por el interés del grupo. Esta idea es relevante hoy en día en los tiempos en que la desigualdad está ampliando la brecha entre ricos y pobres y debilitando las perspectivas de un desarrollo inclusivo. La administración fiduciaria es una solución a la vista viable y que puede garantizar un progreso sostenible en la época contemporánea.

Abstract The possibility of applying the right of renewal in the state lease contract for commercial premises has been debated, by the regulatory integration provided for in the General Contracting Statute of the Public Administration, where the tenant is guaranteed with continuity of use and enjoyment of the leased commercial premises, as long as the requirements established in current regulations are met. The Council of State has maintained two theses that are disjunctive; on the one hand, the possibility of applying the renewal right provided for in the Colombian Commercial Code. On the other hand, excluding said application is due to opposing the planning principle. To provide clarity regarding the application of the right of renewal in the terms previously stated, this article identifies some normative provisions, part of the jurisprudence of the Council of State and recent doctrine that deal with the right of renewal in the commercial premises lease contract, analyze the legal feasibility of applying it and its effects and, propose a series of criteria that allow defining whether renewal is applicable or not when the lessee party is a state entity subject to the General Statute of Public Administration Contracting. Resumen Se ha debatido la posibilidad de aplicar el derecho de renovación en el contrato estatal de arrendamiento de local comercial, en virtud de la integración normativa prevista en el Estatuto General de Contratación de la Administración Pública, donde se garantice a la parte arrendataria la continuidad del uso y el goce sobre el local comercial arrendado, siempre y cuando se cumplan los presupuestos establecidos en la normatividad vigente. El Consejo de Estado ha sostenido dos tesis disyuntivas: de una parte, la posibilidad de aplicar el derecho de renovación previsto en el Código de Comercio colombiano y, por la otra, excluir dicha aplicación por oponerse al principio de planeación. Con el propósito de dar claridad frente a la aplicación del derecho de renovación en los términos anteriormente expuestos, mediante este artículo se identifican algunas disposiciones normativas, parte de la jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado y doctrina reciente que versan sobre el derecho de renovación en el contrato de arrendamiento de local comercial, para analizar la viabilidad jurídica de aplicarlo y sus efectos, y proponer una serie de criterios que permitan definir si es aplicable o no la renovación cuando la parte arrendataria sea una entidad estatal sometida al Estatuto.

This article provides a theoretical review of the categories Entrepreneurship and Company following the approach of the Austrian School, which has a major influence on management studies in our current capitalist society. It provides a description of entrepreneurship, businessman, entrepreneur, and company aiming at making a case for possible research studies in administration that provide a theoretical foundation for creating new companies and strengthening businesses worldwide. It also emphasizes the economic theory of companies presented by Cantillon and continued by Menger, Schumpeter, Hayek, Mises, and Kirzner. These two last authors have made a transition from the economic notion of businessman towards organizational economy with a holistic vision, incorporating social and psychological elements in its development. Este artículo de revisión teórica de las categorías Empresarialidad y Empresa es abordado desde la escuela austriaca, debido a su alta influencia en los estudios de administración en la sociedad capitalista actual. Se hace una descripción de la empresarialidad, empresario, emprendedor y empresa con el propósito de argumentar posibles trabajos de investigación en administración, que soporten teóricamente la creación de empresas y el fortalecimiento empresarial a nivel mundial; haciendo hincapié en la teoría económica de la empresa expuesta por Cantillon y continuada por Menger, Schumpeter, Hayek, Mises y Kirzner. Estos dos últimos han transitado de la noción económica del empresario hacia la economía de la organización con una visión holística, incorporándole elementos sociales y psicológicos en su desarrollo. Este artigo de revisão teórica das categorías Empreendedorismo e Empresa é abordado a partir da escola austríaca, devido a sua grande influência nos estudos de administração na sociedade capitalista atual; isto é, se faz uma descrição do empreendedorismo, empresário, emprendedor e empresa, com a finalidade de argumentar possíveis trabalhos de investigação em administração, que apoiem teoricamente a criação de empresas e o fortalecimento empresarial a nível mundial; com ênfase na teoria econômica da empresa apresentadas por Cantillon e continuado por Menger, Schumpeter, Hayek, Mises e Kirzner. Estes dois últimos transitaram da noção econômica do empresário para a economia da organização com uma abordagem holística; incorporando fatores sociais e psicológicos em seu desenvolvimento.

This research gives a view about Ijtihad of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him),and his methodology of ijtihad. The research has two topics: first, ijtihad of ProphetMuhammad PBUH, which includes the ijtihad verbally (Qauliyah), practically (Fi’liyah),and decision (Taqririyah). Seconds, Prophet Muhammad’s PBUH method in ijtihad andanalogy. The research refers to the classical books, the kutub as sittah (six hadis books). Inthis research the writer tries to make tahqiq and takhrij of all hadis used. He also explainsbreafly the biography of the rawi.