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Human babesiosis in Europe is caused by multiple zoonotic species. We describe a case in a splenectomized patient, in which a routine Babesia divergens PCR result was negative. A universal Babesia spp. PCR yielded a positive result and enabled classification of the parasite into the less-described Babesia crassa-like complex.

This review article discusses the epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, parasite life cycle, immunology, diagnosis, and treatment of babesiosis, a tickborne zoonosis. Human babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus babesia. The disease is named after Victor Babes, the Hungarian pathologist and microbiologist who identified intraerythrocytic microorganisms as the cause of febrile hemoglobinuria in cattle in 1888. 1 Five years later, Theobald Smith and Frederick L. Kilborne identified a tick as the vector for transmission of Babesia bigemina in Texas cattle. 2 This seminal observation established for the first time that an arthropod could transmit an infectious agent to a vertebrate host. The first documented human case of babesiosis was not recognized until about a half century later, when . . .

We report 3 cases of babesiosis in Italy caused by Babesia species that are rarely reported in humans. The circulation of Babesia spp. among vectors, animals, and humans might be more common than previously thought, and babesiosis might be an underdiagnosed and emerging disease in Italy and Europe.

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

We report a case of autochthonous human babesiosis in Hungary, confirmed by PCR and partial sequencing of the Babesia spp. 18S rRNA gene. Babesiosis should be considered during the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses, and peripheral blood smears to detect Babesia spp. should be part of the routine clinical workup.

We report a case of acute babesiosis in a splenectomized 63-year-old man in Siberia, Russia. We confirmed the causative agent, Babesia venatorum, by PCR. Our study demonstrated a change in the structure of the parasite population, from single parasite invasion of erythrocytes to multioccupancy, without an increase in parasitemia level.

Babesia microti is a leading cause of blood transfusion–associated infection in the United States. Investigators from the American Red Cross present data establishing a potential donor-screening test approach to decrease this risk. Babesia microti is an intraerythrocytic parasite that causes babesiosis. 1 The severity of babesia infection ranges from asymptomatic, most commonly in healthy persons, to fatal, most frequently in persons older than 50 years of age, those who have no spleen (or no functional spleen), and those who are immunocompromised. 2 In the United States, B. microti is transmitted to humans primarily by means of the bite of Ixodes scapularis (also called the deer tick). 3 Babesiosis became a nationally notifiable disease (as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]) in 2011 and was reportable (i.e., reportable to the state, which . . .

Human babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis. “Babesia venatorum” has been identified in only four asplenic men and a child so far. We aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of a series of cases with “B venatorum” infection identified in a sentinel hospital in China. We recruited participants with a recent tick bite at Mudanjiang Forestry Central Hospital, Heilongjiang province, China. Cases were diagnosed through PCR followed by sequencing, microscopic identification, or isolation by animal inoculation, or both. 48 individuals (30 women or girls; median age 45 years, range 7 months to 75 years) with “B venatorum” infection were identified. 32 of these individuals were confirmed cases and 16 were probable cases. None of the 48 cases had received a blood transfusion or had a splenectomy. Geographically, cases were distributed diffusely throughout the hospital catchment area. Of the 32 confirmed cases, 21 (66%) presented with a fever, 13 (41%) with a headache, 12 (38%) with myalgia or arthralgia, and three (9%) with chills. 14 (44%) patients had fatigue, eight (25%) had dizziness, and eight (25%) had hypersomnia. Six (19%) patients had an erythematous non-pruritic rash around the tick-bite site and two (6%) had lymphadenopathy. Seven (22%) and four (13%) patients had anaemia and thrombocytopenia, respectively, and seven (50%) of 14 patients with confirmed infection had increased hepatic transaminase concentrations. In the confirmed cases, concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (p<0·001), P-selectin (p<0·05), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (p<0·001) were significantly reduced, whereas tumour necrosis factor α (p<0·01) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (p<0·001) were significantly increased. “B venatorum” infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with a tick-exposure history in areas where this pathogen has previously been identified in ticks or people. Natural Science Foundation of China and Mega-Project for Infectious Diseases.

Babesiosis is a globally distributed parasitic infection caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa. The full spectrum of neurologic symptoms, the underlying neuropathophysiology, and neurologic risk factors are poorly understood. Our study sought to describe the type and frequency of neurologic complications of babesiosis in a group of hospitalized patients and assess risk factors that might predispose patients to neurologic complications. We reviewed medical records of adult patients who were admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, during January 2011-October 2021 with laboratory-confirmed babesiosis. More than half of the 163 patients experienced >1 neurologic symptoms during their hospital admissions. The most frequent symptoms were headache, confusion/delirium, and impaired consciousness. Neurologic symptoms were associated with high-grade parasitemia, renal failure, and history of diabetes mellitus. Clinicians working in endemic areas should recognize the range of symptoms associated with babesiosis, including neurologic.

We describe a case of autochthonous human Babesia divergens infection in an immunocompetent woman in England. The patient had fever, hemolysis, multiorgan failure, and 18% parasitemia. We confirmed B. divergens by 18S rDNA PCR and sequencing. Clinicians should consider babesiosis as a differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained hemolysis.