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\"A complete guide to preventing back and hip injuries by strengthening the muscle group connecting your upper and lower body. Connecting the lower spine to the hips and legs, a strong and flexible psoas muscle is vital for everyday movements like walking, bending and reaching, as well as athletic endeavors like jumping for a ball, holding a yoga pose and swinging a golf club. With targeted information and exercises, this book's step-by-step program guarantees you'll transforms this vulnerable muscle, including: Develop a powerful core End back pain Increase range of motion Improve posture Prevent strains and injuries Packed with 100s of step-by-step photos and clear, concise instructions, Psoas Strength and Flexibility features workouts for toning the muscle as well as rehabbing from injury. And each program is based on simple matwork exercises that require minimal or no equipment\"-- Back cover.

Background: Chronic back pains are progressively disabling working individuals, including 60–80% of the general population, for which their diagnosis is challenging to healthcare workers worldwide, thereby becoming a burden to nations. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of core strengthening exercise (CSE) and intensive dynamic back exercise (IDBE) on pain, core muscle endurance, and functional disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP). Methods: The study was based on a three-arm parallel-group randomized control design. Forty-five participants with chronic non-specific LBP were recruited and randomly divided into the CSE, IDBE, and Control groups. The CSE and IDBE groups received CSE and IDBE, respectively. However, the Control group received no intervention. Numeric pain rating scale, Oswestry Disability Index, core flexors, extensors, and side bridge tests assessed pain intensity, functional disability, and endurance of core muscles. Outcome scores for the dependent variables were collected at baseline (pre-intervention) and six-week post-intervention. There were no follow-up measurements in this study. A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the intervention effects on the outcomes within groups and between groups, respectively; keeping the significance-level alpha at 95%, i.e., p < 0.05. A univariate F-test was performed to observe the superiority of one treatment over another. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was conducted to determine a relation between the dependent variables. In all statistical analyses, the level of significance α was kept at 0.05. Results: All forty-five out of sixty-three participants with chronic non-specific low back pain (male, 32 and female, 23; average age, 20.24 ± 1.46 years; average pain duration, 19.6 ± 5.42 weeks) completed the study and their data were analyzed. The MANCOVA test showed a significant difference between the treatment groups on the combined multiple endurance tests for the core muscles (flexors, extensors, side bridge tests to the right and left), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores after controlling for baseline scores of all the dependent variables: F (6, 12) = 23.381; p < 0.05; Wilks’ Λ = 0.033; partial η2 = 0.819. A post hoc pair-wise comparison followed by a univariate F-test indicated that a significant improvement was found between the CSE vs. IDBE vs. Control groups on the post-test scores of all the dependent variables except VAS and EET (CSE vs. IDBE only). A Pearson’s correlation coefficient test revealed a notable relation between the dependent variables. Conclusions: The experimental group CSE was found to be more effective than IDBE on improving functional disability, cores’ flexors, and side bridges’ endurance tests than IDBE. The magnitude of this improvement exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), suggesting a clinically relevant enhancement in functional disability, core flexors, and side bridge endurance for participants engaged in CSE. However, CSE vs. IDBE revealed non-significant differences on reducing pain and core extensors’ endurance. The absence of statistically significant differences suggests that the observed changes did not exceed the established MCID for pain intensity and core extensors’ endurance. In addition, partial eta-squared value revealed the superiority of CSE over IDBE and Control groups. This suggests that the observed differences between the two interventions are not only statistically significant, but also clinically relevant, surpassing the established MCID.

The primary aim was to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic back exercises and Pilates in reducing chronic low back pain and to determine the threshold of improvement and the difference in pre- and post-treatment scores considered clinically relevant for patients. Methodology: A total of 53 patients with chronic low back pain were randomly assigned to two groups: one with 27 participants performing Pilates and another with 26 participants following a back exercise program. The treatment consisted of sessions twice a week for three months. Pain intensity was assessed before and after treatment using the Visual Analog Pain Scale. A clinically relevant threshold was defined as a sufficient reduction in pain score for patients to feel \"very satisfied.\" A Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the improvement threshold. Additionally, a linear regression model was applied to analyze the relationship between score difference and the percentage of improvement. Results: Although both groups showed significant improvements in pain reduction after treatment, there were no statistically significant differences between them. The average reductions in both groups did not exceed two points (Back Exercise Group = 1.43 points, Pilates Group = 1.82 points), thus not reaching the two-point average improvement required to meet the clinically relevant improvement threshold. However, at an individual level, 45.83% of the Pilates group and 37.5% of the back exercise group achieved a clinically relevant improvement (≥30% improvement). The improvement threshold of 31.4%, equivalent to a two-point reduction, was correlated with greater clinical satisfaction (sensitivity 84%, specificity 87%). Conclusions: Both treatments produced beneficial effects in reducing chronic low back pain. However, the average improvement was not clinically relevant for the overall sample. At an individual level, a significant proportion of patients achieved clinically relevant improvement, particularly in the Pilates group. The 31.4% improvement threshold serves as an additional indicator for evaluating the clinical relevance of treatments. Keywords: Therapeutic back exercises, Pilates, chronic low back pain, Visual Analog Scale for Pain, Minimal Clinically Important Change.

This clinical trial compared the effectiveness of therapeutic back exercises and Pilates exercises in improving disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: A controlled and randomized study was carried out at the Henares University Hospital with 53 patients divided into two groups: Pilates (n=27) and back exercises (n=26). The treatments were carried out for 12 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week. The Oswestry Disability Index was used to evaluate the results. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements. The Pilates group reduced the Index by 9.25 points on average, while the back exercise group reduced it by 5.88 points. Although there were no significant differences (p=0.284), 75% of Pilates patients improved ≥6 points, compared to 54.17% in the back group. A notable improvement (≥8 points) was observed in 62.50% of the Pilates group, compared to 25% in the back group. The study used a linear regression equation and the ROC method to determine that a mean reduction in the initial Oswestry Disability Index score by 21% (equivalent to a mean reduction of 8.74 points) represented the threshold for a \"satisfactory\" outcome. \"after three months. Discussion and conclusions: Both treatments were effective in improving functionality in patients with chronic low back pain, without significant differences between them. However, Pilates showed a greater proportion of significant clinical improvements. The importance of personalizing exercise programs and complementing them with hip and leg strengthening and mobility exercises to optimize results was highlighted. Este ensayo clínico comparó la efectividad de ejercicios terapéuticos de espalda y ejercicios de Pilates para mejorar la discapacidad en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio controlado y aleatorio en el Hospital Universitario del Henares con 53 pacientes divididos en dos grupos: Pilates (n=27) y ejercicios de espalda (n=26). Los tratamientos se realizaron durante 12 semanas, con tres sesiones semanales de 60 minutos. Se utilizó el Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry para evaluar los resultados. Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron mejoras significativas. El grupo de Pilates redujo el Índice en 9.25 puntos en promedio, mientras que el grupo de ejercicios de espalda lo redujo en 5.88 puntos. Aunque no hubo diferencias significativas (p=0.284), el 75% de los pacientes de Pilates mejoró ≥6 puntos, frente al 54.17% en el grupo de espalda. Una mejora notable (≥8 puntos) se observó en el 62.50% del grupo de Pilates, comparado con el 25% en el grupo de espalda. El estudio utilizó una ecuación de regresión lineal y el método ROC para determinar que una reducción promedio de la puntuación del Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry inicial en un 21% (equivalente a una reducción media de 8.74 puntos) representaba el límite para un resultado \"satisfactorio\" a los tres meses. Discusión y conclusiones: Ambos tratamientos fueron efectivos para mejorar la funcionalidad en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. No obstante, Pilates mostró una mayor proporción de mejoras clínicas significativas. Se destacó la importancia de personalizar los programas de ejercicios y complementarlos con ejercicios de fortalecimiento y movilidad de cadera y piernas para optimizar los resultados.

Background and Objectives: Angular modifications in the physiological curvatures of the spine have been associated with spinal dysfunction and altered biomechanics, which may contribute to musculoskeletal complaints. The main objective of this experimental study was to investigate the association between lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles and muscle activations during three different lower back exercises. Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into a hyperlordotic lumbar angle group—with increased thoracic kyphosis (n = 11)—and a normal lordotic lumbar thoracic angle group (n = 11). Thoracolumbar muscular activities during three different exercises were measured by surface electromyography. Results: Muscular activity was less in almost all exercises (except iliocostalis lumborum-pars lumborum) in the hyperlordotic lumbar angle/increased thoracic kyphosis group (p < 0.05). The unstable superman exercise was the exercise that produced the most muscular activity in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study analyzed the association between lumbar lordosis, increased thoracic kyphosis, and muscle activations during specific lower back exercises. These findings highlight the relationship between spinal alignment and muscular responses during functional tasks, which may inform future biomechanical research or rehabilitation strategies.

Randomized controlled trial. To contrast the efficacy of two exercise programs-multifidus retraining program (MRP) and traditional back exercises (TBE)-on pain and functional disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Mechanical low back pain does not involve nerve roots. Stability of the spine is provided by the ligaments and muscles of the lower back and abdomen. Although weakness of the superficial trunk and abdominal muscles are the primary risk factors, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of weakness and lack of control of the deep trunk muscles, especially the multifidus and transverse abdominis muscles. Therefore, exercises to restore optimal lumbar multifidus function are important in rehabilitation strategies. Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to receive TBE, where exercises focused on the superficial muscles of abdomen and low back (control, group A) and MRP, where exercises focused on the deep multifidus muscles fibers (experimental, group B). Groups were examined to find the effect of these exercises on visual analog scale rated pain (visual analogical scale) and functional disability assessed by the Oswestry disability questionnaire. The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks on alternate days, with 20 repetitions of each exercise, with each move held for 5-8 seconds. Subjects were evaluated at the start of the study and after completion of the 6-week exercise program. As compared to baseline, both treatments were effective in relieving pain and improving disability (p<0.001). The MRP group had significant gains for pain and functional disability when compared to the TBE group (both p<0.001). Both techniques lessen pain and reduce disability. MRP is superior to TBE in reducing pain and improving function.

The present study aimed to analyze the impacts of a low back rehabilitation program accompanied with neck, shoulder and upper back exercises on pain, disability, and physical characteristics of patients with chronic low back pain. Twenty sedentary male patients with chronic low back pain participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: a conventional low back exercise group (CE) and a supported exercise group (SE; CE plus upper back, neck, and shoulder exercises). The Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) was used to evaluate the disability status and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to identify the pain states of the patients. In addition, neck, lumbar and shoulder isokinetic and isometric strengths of the patients were evaluated. The CE group performed lumbar stretching, mobilization and stabilization exercises in addition to low-back and abdominal isometric and concentric strengthening exercises. The SE group performed static stretching and isotonic exercises for the neck, upper-back, and shoulder muscles, in addition to the exercises performed in CE group. The exercises were implemented 3 days a week for 6 weeks in both groups. Following the 6-week exercise periods in both groups, statistically significant (p < 0.01) improvements were observed in the patients’ levels of pain and the scores of MODQ reflecting an easing of disability. With respect to the levels of pain and disability, the improvements observed in the SE group was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the improvement observed in the CE group. Based on the findings of this study, we can conclude that a low back exercise program used in combination with neck, shoulder and upper back exercises reduces the level of pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain more prominently than conventional low back exercises.

Background Non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) has a high incidence, which has a significant impact on a patient’s body and mind and is a common condition affecting people’s quality of life. Core stability exercise (CSE) is a modestly effective treatment for NCLBP; however, CSE has only been shown to be a useful treatment option in the short term. Many clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of a biopsychosocial framework to guide the management of NCLBP. Self-compassion training (SCT) is a promising psychotherapy treatment option for NCLBP; however, there is still a lack of research on CSE combined with SCT. In this study, we will seek to determine whether CSE combined with SCT is an effective treatment option for patients with NCLBP compared to CSE alone. Methods In this study, we will randomize 166 adults with NCLBP to a combined SCT and CSE arm or a CSE alone arm (83 participants per group). Both interventions will consist of four weekly 1.5-h group sessions of CSE supplemented by home practice. The combined group protocol also includes 2 h of SCT before CSE. Interviewers masked to the treatment assignments will assess the outcomes at 4 and 16 weeks post-randomization. The primary outcomes are back pain disability (based on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) and pain intensity (NRS; average pain, worst pain, average pain) at 16 weeks. Discussion If SCT is found to enhance the effectiveness of CSE for patients with chronic back pain, the results of the study may promote the development of mind-body therapies for chronic low back pain. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100042810 . Registered on 21 January 2021