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"Bacteria, Pathogenic"
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Molecular Methods for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection and Recent Advances in Wastewater Analysis
With increasing concerns about public health and the development of molecular techniques, new detection tools and the combination of existing approaches have increased the abilities of pathogenic bacteria monitoring by exploring new biomarkers, increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detection, quantification, and analyzing various genes such as functional genes and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG). Molecular methods are gradually emerging as the most popular detection approach for pathogens, in addition to the conventional culture-based plate enumeration methods. The analysis of pathogens in wastewater and the back-estimation of infections in the community, also known as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), is an emerging methodology and has a great potential to supplement current surveillance systems for the monitoring of infectious diseases and the early warning of outbreaks. However, as a complex matrix, wastewater largely challenges the analytical performance of molecular methods. This review synthesized the literature of typical pathogenic bacteria in wastewater, types of biomarkers, molecular methods for bacterial analysis, and their recent advances in wastewater analysis. The advantages and limitation of these molecular methods were evaluated, and their prospects in WBE were discussed to provide insight for future development.
Journal Article
Dynamics of postnatal upper airway bacteria colonization in preterm infants <1000g and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Aberrant microbial colonization of premature infants is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for severe acute morbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of bacterial upper airway colonization within the first 6 weeks of life in preterm infants <1000g and risk of moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In this retrospective two-center cohort study postnatal upper airway bacterial colonization of premature infants with a birth weight <1000g was analyzed. Bacteria were categorized into facultative- and highly pathogenic. Within 242 infants, a birth weight cutoff of 800g prevailed as the most relevant discriminator for risk of BPD. Furthermore, center, male sex, duration of antibiotic therapy, and delayed detection of facultative pathogenic bacteria after week 4 was associated with the development of BPD. Using classification tree analyses for the binary outcome, antibiotic therapy was more importance in infants <800g, whereas in those with a birth weight ≥800g, delayed colonization with facultative pathogenic bacteria was more relevant than antibiotic exposure. We add delayed colonization of the upper airway with facultative pathogenic bacteria to the risks for BPD. The variations of microbial colonization should be considered in future studies on the pathogenesis of BPD and new treatment modalities.
Journal Article
The MBS microbial rapid detection system for rapid detection of major pathogenic bacteria in feed: comparison with plate counting method
The current methods for detecting pathogenic bacteria in feed require high technique and take a long time. The Micro Biological Survey (MBS) rapid detection system is a simple, economical and rapid microbial detection method. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the detection of
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
),
Salmonella
,
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
),
Listeria monocytogenes
(LM), coliform (COLI) and total viable count (TVC) in feed by the MBS rapid microbial detection system and plate counting method (PCM). The results showed that the limit of quantitation, recovery rate and coefficient of variation of the MBS microbial rapid detection system are better than the plate counting method. When detecting the pathogenic bacteria content in artificially contaminated feed, the MBS rapid microbial detection system was positively correlated with the PCM. When the MBS microbial rapid detection system and PCM were used to detect the collected real feed samples, there was no significant difference in the detection results of the two methods in most of the feed samples. In summary, the MBS microbial rapid detection system is the most convenient and rapid detection method and is suitable for promotion and application in production lines.
Journal Article
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Immune-Pathogen Imbalance in a Treatment-Resistant Benign Inflammatory Disease
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign non-specific inflammatory disease that occurs in women during non-lactation. Main symptoms in the early stages of disease include red breast lumps, swelling, heat and pain, whereas in the later stages, breast abscesses, sinus tracts, and even ulcers may develop. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of IGM remains unclear, and there are no standardized guidelines for IGM treatment, which leads to treatment resistance and frequent recurrence, causing serious distress to women's physical and mental health. Based on the existing literature evidence, this paper proposes the \"immunity-pathogen imbalance pathogenesis\" model, the disease is caused by the imbalance between pathogens and immune system in the breast, resulting in granuloma as the characteristic immune damage response, and Corynebacterium may be the driving factor of the cascade reaction. This article summarizes etiology, diagnostic methods, treatment plans, and recurrence factors, and aims to translate existing mechanisms into a practical clinical framework.
Journal Article
I'm trying to love germs
Entertaining, eye-opening and educational, this deep dive into the microscopic world of germs discusses the microbes in and on our bodies that help us survive, the ones that don't and everything in between.
Book
Antimicrobial activities of commercial essential oils and their components against food‐borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria
This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activities of 15 commercial essential oils and their main components in order to pre‐select candidates for potential application in highly perishable food preservation. The antibacterial effects against food‐borne pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7) and food spoilage bacteria (Brochothrix thermosphacta and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were tested using paper disk diffusion method, followed by determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. Most of the tested essential oils exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria, except galangal oil. The essential oils of cinnamon, oregano, and thyme showed strong antimicrobial activities with MIC ≥ 0.125 μL/mL and MBC ≥ 0.25 μL/mL. Among tested bacteria, P. fluorescens was the most resistant to selected essential oils with MICs and MBCs of 1 μL/mL. The results suggest that the activity of the essential oils of cinnamon, oregano, thyme, and clove can be attributed to the existence mostly of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol, which appear to possess similar activities against all the tested bacteria. These materials could be served as an important natural alternative to prevent bacterial growth in food products. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils and their main components was conducted against food‐borne and food spoilage bacteria using paper disk diffusion methods. The essential oils with best inhibition diameters were chosen for minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations. This study also reveals the strong antimicrobial effects of cinnamon, oregano, thyme, and clove, which can be attributed to the existence mostly of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol, respectively. These findings will help to select the best essential oils for application in food preservation for food safety and to extend the shelf life of product
Journal Article