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"Balancing"
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Compact LTCC balanced bandpass filter using distributed-element resonator
This paper presents a vertically and horizontally folded half-wavelength resonator in a three-dimension environment and its application to a balanced bandpass filter (BPF). Benefiting from the multilayered resonator based on the transmission line theory and low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology, the proposed balanced BPF can obtain compact size and good performance. For demonstration, a LTCC balanced BPF centred at 2.45GHz has been designed using the proposed resonator, and the size of the circuit is 6.0 x 5.0 x 1.6 mm^sup 3^.
Journal Article
2.5-7 GHz single balanced mixer with integrated Ruthroff-type balun in 0.18 mu m CMOS technology
An on-chip Ruthroff-type balun fabricated in tsmc(TM) 0.18 mu m CMOS technology has been realised and used in a single balanced mixer. By using the phase compensation line and appropriately choosing the characteristic impedance of transmission lines, the balun was realised with a minimum insertion loss of 0.71 dB and the 1 dB bandwidth over a frequency range from 3.2 to 8.4 GHz. The compact size of 0.088 mm super( 2) is achieved owing to the short length of the transmission line winding, approximately 1/18 lambda sub( g), and the adoption of broadside-coupled and spiral-shape structures. A simple single balanced mixer with the Ruthroff-type balun was then designed to demonstrate the capability of the broadband and low-loss balun. A minimum conversion loss of 12.48 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth from 2.5 to 7 GHz was measured at the LO drive of only 6 dBm. The chip area, including pads, is 0.49 mm super( 2).
Journal Article
Balanced pulse generator for ultra-wideband radar application
A balanced pulse generator with high voltage amplitude and pulse width in the picoseconds region is described. It can operate well at the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) up to 500 kHz. The proposed generator contains four NPN silicon power transistors operating in avalanche mode and a pair of pulse shaping circuits which effectively utilise the transition characteristics of a step recovery diode. Measurement results are presented, which show the output of the generator are balanced pulses with peak values of ±46 V at 100 kHz PRF and approximately 330 ps full-width at half-maximum in width. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Review of Rotor Balancing Methods
This review is dedicated to balancing methods that are used to solve the rotor-balancing problem. To ensure a stable operation over an operating speed range, it is necessary to balance a rotor. The traditional methods, including the influence coefficient method (ICM) and the modal balancing method (MBM) are introduced, and the research progress, operation steps, advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elaborated. The classification of new balancing methods is reviewed. Readers are expected to obtain an overview of the research progress of existing balancing methods and the directions for future studies.
Journal Article
Covariate balancing strategy for single and multiple exposures with interaction
Balancing the distribution of covariates (Z) among exposure levels is a crucial step for establishing causality between the exposure and the outcome in observational studies. Standard approaches utilizing propensity score typically focus on a single exposure, yet it is not uncommon for the exposure to interact with other variables on the outcome. Ignoring such interactions and applying standard balancing procedures solely on a single exposure can lead to significant bias. For instance, consider the Georgia Capital Charging and Sentencing Study, which sought to examine whether the race of the defendant and the race of the victim influenced the severity or length of the sentence (Y). In such a study, there are two exposures of interest on the outcome with significant interaction. Analysing each exposure separately may produce biased results. Base on the simulation results we suggest to use covariate-partition strategy for single-exposure scenario and all-covariate strategy for multiple-exposure scenario.
Journal Article
Coding theory based on balancing polynomials
In this paper, we introduce a [Q.sup.n.sub.2](x) matrix, whose elements are balancing polynomials, and develop a new coding and decoding method following from the [Q.sup.n.sub.2](x) matrix. We establish the relations between the code matrix elements, error detection and correction for this coding theory.
Journal Article
Balancing Covariates via Propensity Score Weighting
Covariate balance is crucial for unconfounded descriptive or causal comparisons. However, lack of balance is common in observational studies. This article considers weighting strategies for balancing covariates. We define a general class of weights-the balancing weights-that balance the weighted distributions of the covariates between treatment groups. These weights incorporate the propensity score to weight each group to an analyst-selected target population. This class unifies existing weighting methods, including commonly used weights such as inverse-probability weights as special cases. General large-sample results on nonparametric estimation based on these weights are derived. We further propose a new weighting scheme, the overlap weights, in which each unit's weight is proportional to the probability of that unit being assigned to the opposite group. The overlap weights are bounded, and minimize the asymptotic variance of the weighted average treatment effect among the class of balancing weights. The overlap weights also possess a desirable small-sample exact balance property, based on which we propose a new method that achieves exact balance for means of any selected set of covariates. Two applications illustrate these methods and compare them with other approaches.
Journal Article
Tactical level strategies for multi-objective disassembly line balancing problem with multi-manned stations: an optimization model and solution approaches
The disassembly line plays a vital role to recover the products for remanufacturing enterprises. For this reason, designing and balancing of the disassembly line are important to utilize the economic and tactical benefits. This study explores a multi-objective disassembly line balancing problem (MODLBP) from a different point of view by considering the workers’ heterogeneity and the multi-manned stations where the group-based worker assignment strategy is implemented. Although the MODLBP has been attracting attention in the last decade, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the addressed problem in the current form. To further analyze the problem, first, it is described by focusing on the tactical level strategies and operational level scenarios. Subsequently, a novel multi-objective optimization model is formulated with three objectives, that of minimizing overall cost, cycle time, and workload imbalance. On one hand, the improved augmented ϵ-constrained (AUGMECON2) method is used to obtain the Pareto-optimal solutions for small-sized problems. On the other hand, a set of algorithms based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is implemented to gain managerial insights regarding the strategies and scenarios for large-sized problems. A computational study is conducted based on the generated problems to reveal the prominent differences between strategies in terms of performance metrics. According to the computational results, high-quality solutions are achieved when the group-based assignment strategy is realized. Besides, it is revealed from scenario analysis that the training of workers leads to considerable improvements in the system performance.
Journal Article
Literature review of assembly line balancing problems
Mass production system design is a key for the productivity of an organization. Mass production system can be classified into production line machining a component and production line assembling a product. In this paper, the production line assembling a product, which is alternatively called as assembly line system, is considered. In this system, balancing the assembly line as per a desired volume of production per shift is a challenging task. The main objectives of the assembly line design are to minimize the number of workstations for a given cycle time (type 1), to minimize the maximum of the times of workstations for a given number of workstations (type 2), and so forth. Because this problem comes under combinatorial category, the use of heuristics is inevitable. Development of a mathematical model may also be attempted, which will help researchers to compare the solutions of the heuristics with that of the model.
In this paper, an attempt is made to present a comprehensive review of literature on the assembly line balancing. The assembly line balancing problems are classified into eight types based on three parameters, viz. the number of models (single-model and multi-model), the nature of task times (deterministic and probabilistic), and the type of assembly line (straight-type and U-type). The review of literature is organized as per the above classification. Further, directions for future research are also presented.
Journal Article