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The Baltic : a history
\"The Baltic is an overview of the region as a whole that deals with politics, trade, and cultures. The book is organized into ten chronological, roughly thematic chapters, with each chapter beginning with a vignette (focus) centered on a place with particular significance to the era under discussion. Throughout, the book pays close attention not only to trade and other economic issues, but also to population groups and demographic change. Significant portions of the chapters are dedicated to a treatment development of the 'Brick Gothic' architectural style, the brilliant achievements of artists such as Berndt Notke, the founding of universities, 'Nordic Romanticism', Baltic Sea tourism etc.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Guide to Business Information on Russia, the NIS and the Baltic States
This guide is an introduction to English language sources, in electronic and print form, dealing with business issues in Russia, the NIS and the Baltic States. It gives evaluative descriptions and costs of all listed sources, concentrating on recent sources. Sources of information on some of these countries can be difficult to locate, and the author gives guidance on how to go about finding them. Contents: Under each country, information sources are grouped in broad categories: Overview (sources designed to answer general, exploratory, country and regional questions, e.g. population, politics, how to do business etc); Current developments (e.g. recent changes in tax and other laws, trends in foreign direct investment, latest project tenders); Companies and contacts; Industries and services; Legislation; Organisations (a listing of agencies and bodies able to provide assistance, information and data to business people).
eBook
Offshore wind and hybrids - A counterfactual case study for impacts in the coupled day-ahead market of Europe
Europe’s ambitious offshore wind targets hinge on the development of a single interconnected electricity market, with offshore hybrid interconnectors playing a pivotal role. These interconnectors facilitate both wind energy transmission to shore and cross-border trade, while enhancing market and grid efficiency. This study attempts to quantify these effects through a study of an additional hybrid interconnector in Europe’s present day-ahead electricity market at the example of the Baltic Sea. Using the Euphemia algorithm for single day-ahead market coupling with historical order books from 2023 and 2024, the analysis evaluates power prices, cross-border flows, and economic surplus. It applies a counterfactual “what-if” analysis to real-world market conditions which differs from commonly employed fundamental market modeling. Results reveal that a hybrid interconnector between the Baltic States and Germany would have delivered greater European welfare benefits compared to a radial wind farm connection with an independent parallel interconnector. Notably, price effects and power exchanges extend beyond the hosting countries, underscoring the need for a sea basin-wide planning and cost-sharing approach. Additionally, the distribution of surpluses between offshore producers, transmission system operators and consumers differs between radial and hybrid setups. It highlights the economic complexity and involved risk profiles introduced by offshore (hybrid) assets. This case study confirms theoretical insights from fundamental models with real-life data and identifies key considerations for decision-makers to address distributional challenges and maximize the benefits of offshore hybrid interconnectors in future planning.
Journal Article
Enveloped Lives
Handing envelopes containing money or gifts to doctors
in public health care is often seen as a remnant of socialism that
continues as an integral part of the Lithuanian health care
system. Rima Praspaliauskiene uses the envelope to explore
complex doctor-patient interactions that go beyond notions of the
gift or the bribe. She reshapes our definition of corruption and
encourages seeing these practices as emerging forms of care that
impede the neoliberal health care reforms effected in the
post-Soviet era.
Enveloped Lives extends the analytical categories of
gift, care, money, and transparency, shifting attention away from
material transactions by prioritizing relations and practices that
transcend economic rationality. At a time when health care reforms
and the costs of care are being widely debated, this book is a
contribution to the larger discussion about the ethics and future
of health care around the world.
eBook
Truck drivers and casual sex : an inquiry into the potential spread of HIV/AIDS in the Baltic Region
Truck Drivers and Casual Sex is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. Workers in the transport industry, including long-distance drivers, are at a high risk of HIV infections. Frequent traveling, long absences away from home, long waits at border crossings and the apparent abundant presence of commercial sex workers at these places mean truck drivers are particularly vulnerable to engaging in casual sex. While the threat of an HIV/AIDS epidemic cannot be taken lightly in any country of the Europe and Central Asia region, four countries – Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia – stand out as being particularly vulnerable. First, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is relatively high and is rapidly increasing in locations neighboring these countries, like Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova, where public health conditions are also rapidly deteriorating. Second, because of their geographical location, Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand at the crossroads of the main East-West and North-South transport corridors, and represent the link between countries of the former Soviet Union and western Europe. The open borders and rapid transit threatens to broaden the sweep of the HIV epidemic, from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus to Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as drug injectors and sex workers come into contact with other population groups in these countries. Truck Drivers and Casual Sex is based on a survey that explores the practice of casual sex among truck drivers and commercial sex workers in the border areas of Poland and Lithuania at a point of time. It uses this evidence to extrapolate the potential impact of these practices on the spread of HIV/AIDS in these countries.
eBook
GOVERNMENT OR INVISIBLE HAND? WHO IS IN CHARGE OF RETAIL FOOD PRICES? EVIDENCE FROM THE BALTICS
The article is aimed at revealing the factors, which influence the retail food prices the most. Not only the main 10 factors influencing retail food prices have been distinguished, but also governments’ capacities to influence food prices have been researched. It has been found that although government can directly influence three (retailer’s concentration level, purchasing power of consumers, state support for growing particular food products) and can partially influence two (production costs and tax burden) of the ten most important factors, influencing retail food prices, its influence on retail prices is quite considerable, as the free market principles are still prevailing in food prices. Therefore, governments’ intentions to make food more affordable to its citizens have only limited potential for success.
Journal Article
Quantification of the Early Small-Scale Fishery in the North-Eastern Baltic Sea in the Late 17th Century
Historical perspectives on fisheries and related human behaviour provide valuable information on fishery resources and their exploitation, helping to more appropriately set management targets and determine relevant reference levels. In this study we analyse historical fisheries and fish trade at the north-eastern Baltic Sea coast in the late 17th century. Local consumption and export together amounted to the annual removal of about 200 tonnes of fish from the nearby sea and freshwater bodies. The fishery was very diverse and exploited altogether one cyclostome and 17 fish species with over 90% of the catch being consumed locally. The exported fish consisted almost entirely of high-valued species with Stockholm (Sweden) being the most important export destination. Due to rich political history and natural features of the region, we suggest that the documented evidence of this small-scale fishery should be considered as the first quantitative summary of exploitation of aquatic living resources in the region and can provide a background for future analyses.
Journal Article
Water policy differences between a western democracy and a country in economic transition
Where environmental policy is concerned Western democracies and transition economies share more similarities than differences. Sound environmental policies require substantial investment. Public-private cooperation can play a major role in the search for solutions, but politicians, environmentalists and academics must act vigorously to ensure that big business does not acquire a final say in the implementation of environmental policy. Lithuania as a transition economy faces major environmental challenges, but international collaboration, including working with the European Union and cross-border cooperation with neighbouring states, is bringing good results. A major unifying factor for the Baltic Sea states is the continuing struggle to purify and protect the Baltic Sea.
Journal Article
OECD Observer Roundtable on Finland
Annamari Arrakoski-Engardt, Secretary-General, John Nurminen Foundation Juhana Aunesluoma, Historian, Research Director, Centre for European Studies, University of Helsinki Anni Huhtala, Director General, VATT Institute for Economic Research Mari Kiviniemi, Managing Director, Kaupan liitto-Finnish Commerce Federation Pirita Näkkäläjärvi, Strategy consultant, Sámi of the Year 2017 Towards ever better marine protection Annamari Arrakoski-Engardt, Secretary-General, John Nurminen Foundation Who owns the Baltic Sea? There are nine coastal states on the Baltic Sea, with close to 90 million people living in its catchment area. Since the Second World War, in our efforts to build a brave new world, we cultivated land and put as much fertilizers as we could into it to produce good crops. The risk is that, with ageing, publicly funded health and social services will consume an increasing share of its public sector spending, allowing less room for developing its education, training and research and development systems and its economic and business infrastructure. Twitter: @vatt tutkimus Visit: https://vatt.fi/en/environment-energv-and-climate-policy Reforms to maintain our well-being Mari Kiviniemi, Managing Director, Kaupan liitto-Finnish Commerce Federation· Finland has become one of the world's best performing countries in so many areas, it is hard to single out just one.
Journal Article
Agriculture in the Baltic Region: international perspective
This paper discusses the issues of internationalization in the Baltic Region. Incorporation of the Baltic region in the international trading system involves two issues: market opportunities-future development of agricultural prices-and trading rules for agricultural products (WTO). Still more important will be the integration of the countries of the Baltic region in the European Union, this issue is also addressed. Economic issues are discussed from the international perspective and the environmental perspective is addressed asking the question about implications of free trade for the environment and food security.
Journal Article