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Head lice is a major public health problem worldwide. Its treatment is challenging due to product failures resulting from rapidly emerging resistance to existing treatments, incorrect treatment application, and misdiagnosis. Various head lice treatments with different mechanisms of action have been developed and explored over the years, with limited reports on systematic assessments of their efficacy and safety. The head lice shampoo currently in circulation is 1% permethrin-based. Side effects of using permethrin-based shampoos include skin irritation and high resistance. The research conducted aims to present strong evidence that the use of shampoo made from bangle rhizome extract against head lice mortality is safer to use. The study used 240 head lice taken from elementary school students aged 8-12 years in a school in Bekasi. The study group was divided into 6 groups: negative control group (using baby shampoo), positive control group (using permethrin-based anti-lice shampoo), shampoo treatment group made from bangle rhizome extract with dose of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%. In addition to calculating the number of head lice deaths per group, the time of death was also calculated to determine LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50), LC90 (Lethal Concentration 90), LT50 (Lethal Time 50), and LT90 (Lethal Time 90). The results showed a highly significant difference between the number of head lice deaths in the control group and the shampoo treatment group made from bangle rhizome extract (p<0.01). Likewise, there was a highly significant difference for the time of death of head lice in the control group and the shampoo treatment group made from bangle rhizome extract. Statistical analysis showed LC50 of 0.96%, LC90 of 2.84%, LT50 of 57.72 minutes, and LT90 of 28.79 minutes. It can be concluded that the effective dose of shampoo made from bangle rhizome extract is 4%, which can kill 100% of head lice within 27 minutes.

Periodontitis is one of the most common diseases associated with the lifestyle habits of adults and is caused by the formation of biofilms, called dental plaques, in periodontal pockets by oral bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bangle, Zingiber purpureum Rosc. (Indonesian ginger), a native Indonesian plant, has been traditionally consumed as food and medicine across Southeast Asia. The cis- and trans-banglenes, components of the rhizomes of Z. purpureum, have been reported to possess neurotrophic activity. Hexane extract of bangle exhibited antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/mL. We isolated several compounds from the active fractions through the bioassay-guided isolation of hexane extract. Further, we found that c- and t-banglene inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis at 4 µg/mL; however, these compounds showed no antibacterial effects against oral microorganisms. We also observed that c- and t-banglenes resulted in 47% and 40% reductions in biofilm formation. In conclusion, our results suggest that banglene has specific antibacterial effects against the periodontopathogen P. gingivalis, with minimal impact on oral microorganisms. Thus, banglene has potential applications in the prevention of periodontitis without the risk of substituted microbisms.

Glass bangles are found in southern England and Wales from the mid-first century ad and become common in the north of England and southern Scotland in the late first century, before their numbers decline a century later. British bangles develop at a time of change, as Roman glassmaking practices were introduced across large areas of Britain, and as blown, transparent, colourless and naturally-coloured glassware became increasingly popular. In many communities, however, there was still a demand for strongly coloured opaque glass, including for bangles, and glassworkers devised ways of extending their supplies of opaque coloured glass. This study is based on over one hundred and fifty analyses of bangle fragments from sites in Wales, northern England and southern Scotland, spanning this transitional period. The bangle makers recycled coloured glass from imported vessels, and probably beads and bangle-making waste, to supplement supplies of fresh coloured glass. The novel methods used to modify and extend the coloured glass may derive from pre-Roman bead-making industries, and made use of widely available materials, including smithing hammerscale and possibly plant ashes. The results show the shifting balance of indigenous and Roman influences on different bangle types, depending on when and where they were made, and by whom.

the present paper attempts to see the women and child worker in the old city of hyderabad in the bangle industry. Women make up a sizable portion of india’s labour force, yet they are paid less and have less secure jobs than men. as a result, many of these mothers choose to earn an income for their families by working from home. Women who work in the informal sector work with minimum pay and hence the girl child is an easy prey to assist the mother in supplementing the income and helping in the household chores so that more time is left to pursue the trade for an income. Our sample includes 100 women respondents and 150 girls. Being in the unregulated, home-based informal sector has made it challenging to organize the employees, leaving the bulk of bangle-makers in precarious positions both at work and at home. the increasing number of children, especially girls, who are taking part in the production of bangles is also a cause for alarm. it would appear that the piece rate method of payment and the fact that the work may be done from home encourage the par- ticipation of family members, including children, in the labour force.

This article reviews the emergence and development of Romano-British glass bangles in southern Britain by providing a fresh analysis of finds that also considers recent theoretical and historical advances in interpreting the transition from the late Iron Age to the Roman period. By analysing the emergence of bangles in terms of technological and stylistic transfer, it suggests that the technology used in their production and their visual elements have continental lineage. It also situates bangles amid indigenous developments in bodily adornments in southern Britain before a.d. 43. By reconnecting British bangles with their continental European counterparts and contextualising them within political, social and cultural processes in south-western England during the late pre-Roman Iron Age, the article argues that the emergence of bangles in Britain did not occur in a vacuum after the Claudian invasion in a.d. 43 but formed an integral part of globalising networks of cross-Channel trade and connections with the European mainland in the early first century a.d.

Glass ornaments such as bangles are widely distributed along trade routes between the East and West, indicating interactions and exchange between manufacturing and consumption sites. In the Persian Gulf region, numerous glass bangles have been excavated from late 2nd millennium CE contexts, but few of these have been studied with scientific analysis. Here, we report data on 56 representative samples from assemblages found at seven coastal sites of northern Qatar that date between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries CE, analysed by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). We identify six different glass compositions and discuss their raw materials and likely provenances, including one group from the Levant, one group from Mesopotamia and another two groups using different plant types as fluxes, with their sand source similar to Sasanian glasses from Central Iraq between the third and seventh centuries CE, and two high-alumina outliers associated with two Indian origins. The paper also compares the Qatar bangles with others from the Islamic world and India to discuss differences and similarities between them.

Made for a new Chinese car company formed by China Hi-Tech Group, Reds is an electric vehicle designed principally with the needs of vehicle occupants in mind rather than the usual primacy of the automobile itself or autonomous technology. [...]this is an all-electric vehicle for the mega cities of China and elsewhere, a place where vehicles are not moving 90 percent of their lifetime. With Reds, we are offering a clear alternative: the second car in the family for young mothers; a first ecologically friendly car for young guys and girls who would rather hang with their gang and play video games in their own space than just have wheels to go from coffee shop to coffee shop; entrepreneurs who need an office on the move.

Chris Bangle, who played a major role in reshaping modern cars during 17 years as BMW Group's chief of design, will speak Jan. 17 at the Automotive News World Congress. After years of avoiding auto design jobs, Bangle, 61, is back at work on a vehicle project at his independent design firm in Italy.